Established Equivalent Literal Translation

c. Established Equivalent

Established equivalent appears 21 times or 16.54 of the total data in this research. It is a technique to use recognized translation in the target language which is available in dictionary or is used for daily life. Based on the data findings, established equivalent is applied in the translation of clinical finding, procedure, body structure, substance, pharmaceuticalbiological product, physical object, and social context. The examples are presented below. SE Sara: Your sisters sick. TE Sara: Kakakmu sakit. Datum 016CFEstC According to the Dictionary of Medical Term 4 th Ed, „sick‟ adj is having an illness. It can be physically or mentally ill so that makes someone feels not well or not healthy. The term „sick‟ is equal with the term „ sakit ‟ which is available in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia KBBI. Since the translated term is natural in the target language, it results clear translation for target audience. SE Kate: He has scars on hhis hands from graft-versus-host. TE Kate: Ia punya bekas luka di tangannya dari penyakit graft-versus-host. Datum 113CFEstC According to the Dictionary of Medical Term 4 th Ed, „scar‟ n is the mark left on the skin after a wound or surgical incision has healed. It has literal meaning „ bekas luka ‟ in Bahasa Indonesia, as presented in Echols‟ Kamus Inggris-Indonesia . The translated term is equivalent and results clear translation since it is natural in the target language.

d. Literal Translation

Literal translation appears 11 times or 8.65 of the total data in this research. Literal translation is a technique to translate word-for-word. Based on the data findings, literal translation is applied in the translation of clinical finding, procedure, observable entity, body structure, pharmaceuticalbiological product, environmentgeographical location, and social context. The examples are presented below. SE Sara: They put needles into Annas hips. TE Sara: Mereka menyuntik pinggul Anna. Datum 120PrLitC Basically, the term „put the needles into Anna‟s hip‟ is translated literally into „meletakkan jarum ke dalam pinggul Anna‟. However, the translator takes an attempt to directly transfer the term in source language into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate in the target language. The word „put‟ in the dialog consists of deeper concept than its literal meaning „ meletakkan ‟. Considering the context from the surrounding dialogs which represents a medical procedure, it is the best choice to use term „ menyuntik ‟ in the target language which means to use a medical stuff consists of a needle and syringe to put a liquid such as a drug into a persons body. This is why the translated term is considered clear since it sounds natural and familiar in the target language for the general public. SE Brian: A donor child? TE Brian: Donor anak ? Datum 072SCCalLC The term „donor child‟ in English has a concept that it is a donor who is a young person or still a child. In other words, „donor‟, as a head, is modified by „child‟. There is normally no such Head + Modifier construction in English Noun Phrase but it is found and accepted in Bahasa Indonesia Noun Phrase. The translation presents a good accuracy toward the original text but it causes ambiguity in understanding the correct meaning. It may be interpreted as a donor who is a young person or a donor for young patient, etc. Thus, it is suggested that the translator uses description technique to translate the text in order to produce clear translation.

e. Particularization