The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Directive” because when Taya asks to Chris “have you killed
anyone yet?” and Chris answers “That is not the way the call home is supposed to go, babe”. Here, Chris tries not to answer
Taya’s question because he doesn’t want his wife to be sorry about what Chris does. It includes in conflictive function
because it aims at conflicting with the social purpose.
B. Discussion
The researcher discussed the types of illocutionary act and also the functions of each types expressed by the main character Chris Kyle in
American Sniper movie. The researcher used Searle’s theory of illocutionary act explained by Cruse 2000:342 that he divided the types
of illocutionary act in five types such as: assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The result of this research shows that there
were four types of illocutionary act used by the main character Chris Kyle. They were assertives, directives, commissives, and expressives. The
researcher used Searle’s theory to analyze his utterances included in illocutionary act types. The followings are brief explanation of each type:
1. Assertives
Assertives commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition: state, suggest, boast, complain, claim, report, warn that.
Example: You should go to the doctor soon. The example shows that the speaker suggests the addressee to go to
the doctor soon to check his or her bad condition. This utterance includes in assertive type because it is such kind of suggesting.
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The utterance which is included in assertive type expressed by the main character is:
Oh. Uh, no I wanted to be a cowboy, but… I don’t know. I did that. I thought I was meant for something more. IA-1
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Assertive” because it commits the speaker to the truth of the
expressed proposition. Here, when Taya asks Chris “Did you always want to be a soldier?” then Chris answers “I wanted to be a
cowboy but I did that and I felt like I was meant for more”. In his utterance, Chris tells to her about what he has in his own. He said
that he has become a cowboy and has the ability to shoot since he was child. He really wants to be a soldier.
2. Directives
Directives have the intention of eliciting some sort of action on the part of the hearer get the addressee to do something towards what the
speaker said: order, command, request, beg, beseech, advise to, warn to, recommend, ask, ask to.
That is not the way the call home is supposed to go, babe. IA-6
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Directive” because when Taya asks to Chris “have you killed anyone
yet?” and Chris answers “That is not the way the call home is 54
supposed to go, babe”. Here, Chris tries not to answer Taya’s question because he doesn’t want his wife to be sorry about what Chris does.
3. Commissives
Commissives commit the speaker to some future action: promise, vow, offer, undertake, contract, and threaten.
Oh fuck this. I’m gonna go clear houses with Marines. IA-7 The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act
“Commissive” because it commits the speaker to some future action. Here, Chris wants to join with his guys to clear the houses because at
the top of the building, Chris is not able to see the target clearly. They are looking for the bad guys in the building.
4. Expressives
