The secondary instrument of this research was an observation beside human as key instrument in qualitative research because the
researcher also used field notes to collect and analyze the data in American Sniper movie or Chris Kyle’s utterances in this case. As stated
by Creswell 2009:181 said that qualitative observations are those in which the researcher takes field notes on the behavior and activities of
individuals at the research site.
D. Procedure of collecting data
In collecting the data, the researcher has conducted several steps as the followings:
1. The researcher found out the movie and also the script of it by downloading from the internet.
2. After finding the movie and the script, the researcher watched American Sniper movie three times then analyzed the script of movie.
The researcher concerned to Chris’s utterances. 3. Then the researcher found out and then took notes the utterances
included in the type and the functions of illocutionary act expressed by
Chris Kyle in American Sniper movie.
4. After getting all data needed, the researcher identified each of his utterances based on the theories of illocutionary act.
5. After identifying each of his utterances, the researcher classified the data which dealt with this research.
E. Procedure of analyzing data
Data analysis is the most complex and mysterious phase of qualitative research. Data analysis in qualitative research is a time-
consuming and difficult process because typically the researcher faces 29
30
massive amounts of field notes, interview transcripts, audio recordings, video data, reflections, or information from documents, all of which must
be examined and interpreted. Ary, 2010: 481. This research used field notes to analyze the data and needed much time and also hard process to
interpret the collected data. After collecting the data, the researcher continued analyzing the
data which have been collected as the followings: 1. Reviewing
The first step, the researcher reviewed the data or utterances which have been collected from the movie expressed by the main
character. 2. Identifying
The second step, the researcher identified the data based on the theories of illocutionary act according to Searle. He classified
illocutionary act into five types such as: assertiverepresentative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative.
3. Classifying The third step, the researcher classified the data or the
utterances which were included in the types of illocutionary act expressed by the main character into assertiverepresentative, directive,
commissive, expressive, and declarative. 4. Describing
The fourth step, the researcher described and analyzed the types and the functions of illocutionary acts found in Chris’ utterances.
5. Concluding The last step, the researcher gave conclusion based on the
analyses which have been conducted. 31
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
