Chris also feels sorry to her because he is not at home when she needs him in her side. The utterance which indicates expressive type is
“Yeah, I know. I’m sorry. I’m sorry” In this research, there were four functions of illocutionary act used
by the main character. Those were competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive. To know the functions, the researcher used Leech’s theory
1993:104 proposed illocutionary act according to its functions in social purposes.
1. Competitive aims at competing with the social purposes, such as
ordering, asking, demanding, and begging. It is intended to produce some effects through action by the hearer.
Moving. Get down Get down on the ground right now Get your fucking ass down IA-8
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Directive” because when Chris and his guys are looking for the bad
guys in house to house, they are still finding a family living in the house where the war occurs. They directly evacuate the family. Chris
asks to his guys to get down the man father because he doesn’t want anyone to live in the war area. The utterance which indicates directive
type is “Get down Get down on the ground right now” This utterance includes in competitive function to make an effect on the hearer.
2. Convivial aims in compliance with the social purposes, for instance
offering, inviting, greeting, thanking and congratulating. 55
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Here is the utterance which has convivial function: Thank you, sir. IA-14
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Expressive” because when Chris is in the helicopter with Col. Jones
and his guys, Chris expresses his gratitude to Col. Jones when Col. Jones says, “You made Chief. Congratulations.” Then, Chris answers,
“Thank you, sir”. He is very confidence and very happy to be a chief in US Navy. This utterance includes in convivial function because it aims
in compliance with the social purpose and it is kind of thanking.
3. Collaborative aims at ignoring the social purposes as like asserting,
reporting, announcing, and instructing. It commits the speaker to the truth of expressed proposition. Here is the utterance which has
collaborative function: Oh. Uh, no I wanted to be a cowboy, but… I don’t know. I did that. I
thought I was meant for something more. IA-1
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Assertive” because it commits the speaker to the truth of the
expressed proposition. Here, when Taya asks Chris “Did you always want to be a soldier?” then Chris answers “I wanted to be a cowboy
but I did that and I felt like I was meant for more”. In his utterance, Chris tells to her about what he has in his own. He said that he has
become a cowboy and has the ability to shoot since he was child. He really wants to be a soldier. This utterance has collaborative function
because it announces the hearer about his ability in shot.
4. Conflictive aims at conflicting against the social purposes, such as
threatening, accusing, and reprimanding. Here is the utterance which has conflictive function:
That is not the way the call home is supposed to go, babe. IA-6
The utterance includes in the type of illocutionary act “Directive” because when Taya asks to Chris “have you killed anyone
yet?” and Chris answers “That is not the way the call home is supposed to go, babe”. Here, Chris tries not to answer Taya’s question
because he doesn’t want his wife to be sorry about what Chris does. It includes in conflictive function because it aims at conflicting with the
social purpose. 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter aims at stating the result of the analyses of this research; it includes both conclusion and suggestion.
A. Conclusion
There were four types of illocutionary acts used by the main character: assertives, commissives, directives, and expressives. In this
research, the researcher has found out 25 utterances which were included in the types of illocutionary act expressed by the main character Chris
Kyle, in American Sniper movie. Based on the findings, the researcher found out 13 assertives type, 6 directives type, 2 commissives type, 4
expressives type. In addition, the researcher didn’t find out any declarative types in his utterances.
This research also aimed at analyzing the functions of each utterances included in the types of illocutionary act expressed by Chris
Kyle as the main character. There were four functions of illocutionary act expressed by main character such as: collaborative function, convivial
function, competitive function, and conflictive function. Based on each of his utterances, the researcher found out 13 collaborative functions, 5
competitive functions, 6 convivial functions, and 1 conflictive function.
B. Suggestion
The researcher hopes that this research can be useful for those who will conduct the same research about illocutionary act in the future. The
researcher realizes that this research is still having several limitations in 58
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