Phonological Change Language Change

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2 Sound Addition

Another phenomenon of sound change might occur in some form of sound addition Crowley, 1992: p. 43. Crowley 1992, however, states that the phenomenon of sound addition is actually rarely found. The addition of the sounds can also be classified into three forms. They are Excrescence or the addition of extra consonantal sound between two other consonants in the word, Epenthesis and or the insertion of a vowel to break up the cluster in the middle of the word, and Prothesis, which is similar to epenthesis but occurring in the beginning of the word Crowley, 1992: pp. 43-45. For example is the addition of schwa in [sm] cluster as seen in word smile. 3 Metathesis Metathesis has taken place in the English history of an English word, and the changed form has been accepted as the standard Crowley, 1992: p. 46. Metathesis is considered as another type of sound change, but rarely occurs in the development of language. It refers to a change in the order of the sounds Crowley, 1992: p. 45. It can also be defined as a transposition of the sounds: where a certain sound exchanges position with another sound of a word Campbell, 2004: p. 39. Metathesis phenomenon can be seen in tongue twisters, where speakers might transpose such syllable from former position into new position, as seen in word desk into deks. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 15 4 Fusion Fusion refers to the process of blending of two separated sounds becoming one single sound Crowley, 1992: p. 46. Fusion is included as common occurrence in the phenomenon of sound change. The fusion occurs when there is an addition of phonetic feature to a single sound from following another sound. The example is the process of prefix me- addition in Indonesian word kira, where the central mid sound ə in prefix me- blends with voiceless velar stop k sound in kira word resulting the appearance of velar nasal ŋ in word mengira. 5 Unpacking Unpacking is the phonetic process that is just the opposite of phonetic fusion Crowley, 1992: p. 48. If fusion is the combination or blending of two separated sounds becoming one single sound, unpacking is the process of separating one single sound into two saeparated sound. Certain phonetic features in a single sound then are divided as seen in word word. [w :d] where it is common for Indonesian people to separate the central mid vowel : into mid back ᴐ: and post-alveolar roll r. 6 Vowel breaking Vowel breaking refers to the change of a single vowel to become a diphthong Crowley, 1992: p. 49. The change includes an addition of a certain glide following or preceding the original sound of a vowel. For example, some