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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains to the readers about the methodology that the researcher uses in conducting the research. There are six sub-chapters, which are
discussed in this chapter. They are the research methodology, research subject, research setting, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research
procedure.
A. Research Methodology
According to Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh 2010: p. 22, a qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomena from the
perspective of the human participants in a natural setting. Since this research analysed the social phenomenon of sound changes in non-
native English speaker‟s pronunciation, this research was considered as qualitative research. Moreover, in
the same book, Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen and Razavieh 2010 state that qualitative research aims to understand a phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather
than breaking it down into variables. Referring to the statement, this research required observations, interviews, and document reviews because the focus in this
research was about the explanation of phonological change occurrence. So, the researcher attempted to observe certain phenomenon related to the phonological
change appeared in Javanese English learners of ELESP 2015 students of Sanata PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Dharma University, Yogyakarta and analysed it into an explanation based on the reviewed theories and literary sources.
B. Research Setting
The location of generating the research was in Sanata Dharma University, Mrican, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, specifically in English Language Education
study program of Faculty of Education and Teacher‟s Training. The researcher
conducted the research in April 2016.
C. Research Participants
In generating the research, the researcher chose the students of ELESP batch 2015 of Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta whose first language is
Javanese as the participants. The researcher took samples of 30 students. The
reasons of choosing the participants were: 1.
English Language Education study program students frequently use English
language in classroom. They are already familiar with English language use.
2. The researcher found some variations of English sounds among ELESP 2015
Javanese students‟ pronunciation.
3. The researcher could find Javanese students of ELESP 2015 very easily.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In conducting the research, the researcher played a role as the instrument of the research. Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh 2010 state the primary
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instrument used for data collection in qualitative research is the researcher himself, often collecting data through direct observation or interview p. 421. The
researcher chose 30 students of ELESP 2015 whose first language is Javanese. Those participants consisted of 15 male students and 15 female students. The
researcher then asked each participant to read a passage included in the appendix and recorded their voice. This recording technique was repeated until all the
participants‟ voices were recorded.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The researcher started the analysis by transcribing the audio data into written forms. The written forms of data were typed into phonetic transcription
containing the representative participants‟ pronunciation of observed words. The transcribing process from audio recording into written phonetic transcriptions
aimed to validate the actual data gathered in observation. To gather all the phonetic transcriptions from each participant, the researcher provided a table to
simplify the following data analysis. The table could be observed in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 The Phonetic Transcription of Each Part icipant’s Pronunciation
Words Participant’s Pronunciations
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