11
2. English Sound Changes
Sound changes belong to phonological changes. The change involves the original English phonemes to be substituted by new different phonemes caused by
the influence of source language sound system. In this part, the researcher explains causes and types of sound changes.
a. The Causes of English Sound Change
Fasold and Linton have similar ideas of the causes of language changes in the classification of
Murray, as cited in O‟Grady, Dobrovolsky and Katamba‟s book. If both statements are summarized, some causes of sound changes can be
classified as follows:
1 Articulatory Simplification
Fasold and Linton 2006: p. 277 express that many changes in articulating language sounds are motivated by the ease of expression. It can be inferred that
some people “simplify” the mechanism of sound production. Ur 1999: p. 52 states that a particular sound may not exist in the mother tongue. Therefore, some
non-native English speaker may substitute the nearest equivalence that the speaker knows. For example is the reduction of last consonant in a cluster in word cent
[sent] into [sen] spoken by Indonesian people. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12
2 Spelling Pronunciation
Murray, in OGrady, Dobrovolsky, and Katamba ‟s book 1997 states that
since the written form of a word can differ significantly from the way it is pronounced, a new pronunciation can arise which seems to reflect more closely
the spelling of the word p. 247. One example, as cited from that book, in the word often, since the letter [t] was retained in the spelling, [t] has been
reintroduced into foreign speakers pronunciation and they pronounce it as [ ɒftn].
3 Analogy and Reanalysis
According to OGrady, Dobrovolsky, and Katamba 1997, analogy reflects the preference of speaker for regular patterns over irregular ones.
Meanwhile, the term of reanalysis refers to particular commonalities in morphological change. Morphological analysis refers more to the attribute p.
248. For example, on the basis of its phonological similarity of a verb such as stingstung, swingswung, in some dialects bring has developed a form to be
brung.
4 Language Contact
One of the main reasons for language change is that they come into contact with other languages Schendl, 2003: p. 55. It means the contact of two speakers
may lead to the language change. According to Fasold and Linton 2006: p. 278, language contact is one of the factors of language change as a result of contacts
between speakers of different languages.
Kategori