the study will be in descriptive or detail explanation. Thus, this study will use qualitative approach.
3.2 Source of Data
Data are the research object along with the context. It can be facts, events, or information collected by researchers while doing a research project. Sudaryanto 1988: 10.
The data of this study are cultural untranslatable words and phrases found in the Indonesian translation of Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Femmy Syahrani. The data
sources are primary data sources for the data are directly derived from the original English novel and the Indonesian translation of the novel. As Warsito 1992:69 states that the
primary datas are gained if the researcher collects the information from the sources, while secondary data are gained if the researcher uses the information.
3.3 Data Collection Procedures
This study use documentation method in collecting untranslatable cultural words in Indonesian translation of To Kill A Mockingbird by Femmy Syahrani.. Arikunto 1983:18
says that the written data or variable in form of note, transcript, book, et cetera becomes a main object in the documentation method.
3.4 Data analysis
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Actually, analizing data is an anouncement of the researcher to the reader about what are doing to the data which is collecting or which have been collected. Hamidi 2010:64. In
analyzing data, this study use content analysis method. Content analysis or textual analysis is a methodology in the social sciences for
studying the content of communication. in Wikipedia, 2013. Earl Babbie defines it as the study of recorded human communications, such as books, websites, paintings and laws. in
Wikipedia, 2013. Berelson, GAO, Krippendorff, and Weber, describe that content analysis has been defined as a systematic, replicable technique for compressing many words of text
into fewer content categories based on explicit rules of coding in Stamler, 2012. Stemler 2012 adds, “…the analysis is to use word frequency counts to identify words of potential
interest, and then to use a Key Word In Context KWIC search to test for the consistency of usage of words. Content analysis extends far beyond simple word counts, however. What
makes the technique particularly rich and meaningful is its reliance on coding and categorizing of the data.”
Moreover, Hsiu Shannon 2013 explains three approaches in content analysis: conventional, directed, or summative. All three approaches are used to interpret meaning
from the content of text data and, hence, adhere to the naturalistic paradigm. The major differences among the approaches are coding schemes, origins of codes, and threats to
trustworthiness. In conventional content analysis, coding categories are derived directly from the text data. With a directed approach, analysis starts with a theory or relevant research
findings as guidance for initial codes. A summative content analysis involves counting and comparisons, usually of keywords or content, followed by the interpretation of the underlying
context.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
This study use content analysis method since all data are derived from a novel and the study just analyzes words phrases that the novel contains. The steps in analisys are as
follows: 1
Inventory the untranslatable cultural words and phrases in the Indonesian translation novel of To Kill A Mockingbird.
2 Analyzing the meaning of the untranslatable cultural words and phrases and their
translation version in Indonesian to find the translation techniques used. 3
Categorizing untranslatable cultural words based on cultural categorize. 4
Categorizing the untranslatable cultural words based on cultural categories and what translation techniques that are used in the translation.
Based on the explanation of the analyzing steps above, this study use content analysis approaches.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER IV DESCRIPTION AND FINDING
4.1 Data Description
Kategori