4.2. Finding
The data which consists of 65 untranslatable cultural words and phrases that derived from Harper Lee’s Novel To Kill A Mockingbird are analyzed through Newmark’s theory on
cultural categories and translation techniques. Table 2: Finding
No. Original Version
Translation Version
Cultural Categories
Translation Technique
1. The Creeks
If General Jackson hadn’t run the
Creeks up the creek, Simon Finch
would never have paddled up the
Alabama... p.3, line 18
Suku Indian Creek Andaikan Jenderal
Jackson tidak menggiring suku
Indian Creek menjauhi hulu
sungai, Simon Finch tak akan
pernah mendayung ke hulu Sungai
Alabama p.16, line 3-5
Custom: Tribe Couplets:
Transference plus Compensation
2. Teacakes
Ladies barhed before noon, after
their three- o’clock naps, and by
nightfall were like soft teacakes with
frostings of sweat and sweet talcum
p.6, line 17 Kue teh
Kaum wanita maandi sebelum
tengah hari, setelah tidur siang pukul
tigs, dan saat senja tiba mereka
menyerupai kue teh lembut yang
berlapis keringat dan bedak wangi.
p.20, line 1-4 Material culture:
Food Through-
translation
3. Rat terrier
We went to the wire fence to see if
there was a puppy—Miss
Rachel’s rat terrier was expecting—
instead we found Anjing rat terrier
Kami mendekati pagar kawat untuk
melihat kalau-kalau ada anak anjing—
anjing rat terrier Miss rachel sedang
hamil tua—alih- Ecology: Fauna
Couplets: Transference plus
Compensation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
someone sitting looking at us. p.7
line 33 and p.8 line 1
alih kami menemukan
seseorang sedang duduk,
memandangi kami. p.22, line
12-16
4. Dracula
Dill had seen Dracula,
a revelation that
moved jem to eye him with the
beginning of respect .
p.9, line 6 Dracula
Dill pernah menonton Dracula,
suatu informasi baru yang
menggerakkan Jem untuk mulai
memandangnya dengan rasa
hormat. p.24, line 4-6
Concept and custom: legend of
spirit Transference
5. Rabbit-tobacco
The remains of a picket drunkenly
guarded to the front yard—a “swept”
yard that was never swept—where
johnson grass and rabbit-tobacco
grew in abundance. p.10 line 19-22
Rumput liar Sisa-sisa tiang
pagar bagaikan orang mabuk
menjaga halaman depan—halaman
telantar dan tak terawat—yang
banyak ditumbuhi semak-semak dan
rumput liar. p.26, Iine 4-7
Ecology: Flora
Cultural Equivalent
6. Pecan
...from the Radley chickenyard tall
pecan trees shook their fruit into the
schoolyard, but the nuts lay untouched
by the children... p.11, line 5-7
Kacang pecan ...dari kandang
ayam Radley, pohon kacang
pecan yang tinggi menggugurkan
buahnya ke pekarangan
sekolah, tetapi kacang-kacang itu
bertebaran tak tersentuh oleh
anak-anak. p.26, line 25-28
Ecology: Flora Couplets:
Transference plus Compensation
7. Peppermint
She loooked and smelled like a
peppermint drop. p.21, line 13-14
Peppermint Penampilan dan
wanginya seperti permen
peppermint. p.40, line 28 and p. 40-
Ecology: Flora Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41, line 1 8.
Liquor interest North Alabama
was full of Liquor Interest... p.21,
line 25-26 Liquor Interest
Alabama Utara dipenuhi oleh
Liquor Interests— organisasi penjual
minuman keras, yang menentang
amandemen UUD A.S. tentang
memberikan hak suara kepada kaum
wanita—
p.41, line 14-17
Social organisation:
Political organisation
Couplets: Transference plus
pharaphrase
9. Big Mules
North Alabama was full of Liquor
Interest , Big Mules... p.21, line
25-26 Big Mules
Alabama Utara dipenuhi oleh
Liquor Interests— organisasi penjual
minuman keras, yang menentang
amandemen UUD A.S. tentang
memberikan hak suara kepada kaum
wanita—Big Mules—Politikus
pelaku dagang sapi di Alabama –
p.41, line 14-18 Social
organisation: Economical and
Political organisation
Couplets: Transference plus
Pharaphrase
10. Sandwich
...she rewarded me with an open-faced
sandwich of bread and butter and
sugar. p.24, line 29-30
Sandwich ...dia
menghadiahiku dengan sandwich
terbuka berisi mentega dan gula.
p.45, line 27-28 Material culture:
Food Transference
11. Hickory nuts
Later a sack of hickory nuts
appeared on the back steps. p.27,
line 11-12 Kacang hickory
Kemudian, sekarung kacang
hickory muncul di tangga belakang.
p.49, line 10-11 Ecology: Flora
Transference
12. Smilax
With Christmas came a crate of
smilax.. p.27, line Smilax
Natal datang bersama sekerat
bunga smilax... Ecology: Flora
Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
12-13 p.49, line 11-12
13. Holly
With Christmas came a crate of
smilax and holly. p.27, line 12-13.
Holly Natal datang
bersama sekerat bunga smilax dan
holly. p.49, line 11-12
Ecology: Flora Transference
14. WPA
If he held his mouth right,Mr.
Cunningham could get a WPA job, but
his land would go to ruin if he left it,
and he was willing to go hungry to
keep his land and vote as he pleased.
p.27, line 31-33, and p. 28, line 1
WPA Works Project
Administration Jika dia mau
menjaga mulut, Mr. Cunningham bisa
memperoleh pekerjaan di WPA
Works Project Administration,
tetapi tanahnya akan terbengkalai
jika dia tinggalkan dan dia lebih rela
menaggung lapar untuk
mempertahankan tanahnya dan
memberi suara sesuka hatinya.
p.50, line 6-11 Concept:
Government act Couplets:
Transference plus Compensation
15. Butterbeans
“... Don’t you like butterbeans?...”
p.31, line 7 Kacang mentega
“...kau suka kacang mentega?
...“ p.54, line 17- 18
Ecology: Flora Through-
Translation
16. Crackling bread
She knew I loved crackling bread.
p.38, line 15-16 Roti jagung 64
Dia tahu aku suka sekali roti jagung.
p.64, line 5-6 Material culture:
Food Cultural
Equivalent
17. Wisteria vine
When he completed his
examination of the wisteria vine he
strolled back to me. Anggur wisteria
Ketika selesai menekuri rumpun
anggur wisteria, dia berjalan kembali
kepadaku. p.65, Ecology: Flora
Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
p.39, line 23-25 line 26-28
18. Whiskey
“...but when a man spends his relief
checks on green whiskey his
children have a way of crying from
hunger pains. p.41 line 11-13
Wiski “...tetapi kalau
seseorang menghabiskan
uang santunan untuk membeli
wiski hijau, anak- anaknya akan
menangis kelaparan. p.68,
line 8-10 Material culture:
Beverage Naturalisation
19. Indian
“Indian- heads,” he said. “Nineteen-six
and Scout, one of ’em’s nineteen-
hundred. These are real old.” p.46,
line 12-13 Indian
Dua keping uang satu sen yang
sudah digosok dan dipoles. Jem
memeriksanya. “Kepala Indian”,
katanya. “ 1906 dan Scout, salah
satunya 1900...” p.75, line 10-11
Custom: Tribe Transference
20. Mimosa
“Do you smell my mimosa? It’s like
angels’ breath this evening? p.57,
line 25-26 Mimosa
“Kamu bisa mencium wangi
mimosaku? Sore ini aromanya
seperti napas malaikat .”
p.90, line 26-27 Ecology: Flora
Transference
21. Poundcake
“...How’d you like some fresh
poundcake to take home?” p.61, line
16-17 Poundcake
“...kau mau kubekali
poundcake hangat untuk dibawa
pulang?” p.96, line 7-8
Material culture: Food
Transference
22. Franklin Stove
An old Franklin stove sat in a
corner of the porch... p.70, line
12-13 Kompor Franklin
Kompor Franklin tua teronggok di
sudut
teras... p.107, line 16-17
Material culture: fireplace
Transference
23. Strip Poker
“We were playing Kartu Strip Poker
“Kami bermain Social Culture:
Game Couplets:
Transference plus
Universitas Sumatera Utara
strip poker up yonder by the fish
pool,” he said. p.73 , line 15-16
kartu strip poker di dekat kolam ikan di
sana.“ katanya. p.112, line 1
Compensation
24. Flash card
The second grade was as bad as the
first, only worse— they still flashed
cards at you and wouldn’t let you
read or write. p.77, line 7-9
Flashcard Kelas dua sama
buruknya dengan kelas satu, hanya
lebih parah— mereka masih
menggunakan metode
flashcard kepada murid dan
para murid masih tak diperbolehkan
membaca atau menulis. p.118,
line 8-10 Concept:
Educational Method
Transference
25. Summer
There are no defined seasons in
south
Alabama, summer drifts into
autumn... p.79,
line 23-26 Musim panas
Tak ada musim di Alabama Selatan
yang bisa didefinisikan
dengan jelas; musim panas
berangsur menjadi musim gugur...
p.122, line1-3 Ecology: season
Componential analysis
26. Autumn
There are no defined seasons in
south
Alabama, summer drifts into
autumn... p.79, line 23-24
Musim Gugur Tak ada musim di
Alabama Selatan yang bisa
didefinisikan dengan jelas;
musim panas berangsur menjadi
musim gugur... p.122, line 1-3
Ecology: season Componential
analysis
27. Winter
...and autumn is sometimes never
followed by winter... p.79, line
24-25 Musim Dingin
...dan musim gugur kadang tak pernah
diikuti musim dingin... p.122,
line 3-4 Ecology: season
Componential analysis
28. Spring
...but turns to a days-old spring...
Musim semi ...melainkan
langsung Ecology: season
Componential analysis
Universitas Sumatera Utara
p.79, line 25-26 memasuki musim
semi yang hanya berlangsung dalam
hitungan hari... p.122, line 4-6
29. Taffeta
Soft taffeta-like sounds and muffled
scurrying sounds filled me with
helpless dread. p.92, line 3-4
Kain taffeta Suara selembut
kain taffeta dan bunyi berisik yang
teredam mejlariku dengan kengerian
tanpa daya. p.139, line 6-8
Material culture: fabric
Couplets: Transference plus
Compensation
30. Lane Cake
“...Soon as I can get my hands clean
and
when Stephanie
Crawford’s not looking, I ‘ll make
him a Lane cake. p.98, line 5-7
Kue Lane “...kalau urusanku
sudah beres dan dan kalau
Stephanie Crawford sedang
lengah, aku akan segera
membuatkan kue Lane untuk Mr.
Avery...”
p.148, line 6-8
Material culture: Food
Transference
31. Confederate
Cousin Ike Finch was maycomb
County’s sole surviving
Confederate veteran.
p.101, line 16-18
Konfederasi Sepupu Ike Finch
adalah satu-satunya veteran
Konfederasi yang masih hidup di
Maycomb County. p.153, line 7-9
Concept: political action
Naturalisation
32. Veteran
Cousin Ike Finch was maycomb
County’s sole surviving
Confederate veteran.
p.101, line 16-18
Veteran Sepupu Ike Finch
adalah satu-satunya veteran
Konfederasi yang masih hidup di
Maycomb County. p.153, line 7-9
Concept: Military term
Transference
33. Hookah
...he stood at his gate in his
dressing-gown, smoking a
hookah...
p.104, line 7-8
Pipa rokok ...dia berdiri di
depan gerbang gereja dengan
mengenaan jubahnya,
mengisap pipa rokok...
Material culture Cultural
equivalent
Universitas Sumatera Utara
p.157, line 8-10 34.
Widow’s walk A widow’s walk
was on the roof, but no widows
walked there— from it, Simon
over-saw his overseer...p.106,
line 32-33 and p. 107, line 1-2
Widow’s walk Di atap rumah itu
terdapat bagian datar yang disebut
Widow’s Walk— Jalan Janda—
meskipun tak ada janda yang pernah
berjalan di situ— dari situ, Simon
mengawasi mandornya...
p.160, line 6-9 Material culture:
architecture Couplets:
Transference plus Through-
translation
35. Add-A-Pearl
Aunt Alexandra’s vision of my
deportment involved
playing with small stoves,
tea sets, and wearing the Add-
A-Pearl necklace she gave me when I
was born. p.108, line 9-11
Add-A-Pearl Bayangan Bibi
Alexandra mengenai
kegiatanku mencakup bermain
dengan masak- masakan dan
mengenakan kalung Add-A-
Pearl yang dihadiahkannya
ketika aku lahir... p.163, line 7-10
Material culture: jewelry
Transference
36. Peach pickles
But her cooking made up for
everything: three kinds of meat,
summer vegetables from her pantry
shelves; peach pickles... p.109,
line 1-3 Acar Pir
Tetapi masakannya sebanding dengan
semuanya: tiga jenis masakan
daging, sayuran khas musim panas
dari rak makanan, acar pir... p.164,
line 11-13 Material culture:
Food Cultural
Equivalent
37. Ambrosia
But her cooking made up for
everything: three kinds of meat,
summer vegetables from her pantry
shelves; peach pickles, two kinds
of cake and Ambrosia
Tetapi masakannya sebanding dengan
semuanya: tiga jenis masakan
daging, sayuran khas musim panas
dari rak makanan, acar pir, dua jenis
kue dan ambrosia Material culture:
food Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ambrosia constituted a
modest Christmas dinner. p.109, line
1-3 merupakan makan
malam Natal sederhana. p.164 ,
line 11-14
38. Bluejay
“...Shoot all the bluejays you want,
if you can hit ‘em... p.119, line 15-17
Burung bluejay “...Kau boleh
menembak burung bluejay
sebanyak yang kau mau,
kalau bisa kena...” p.179, line 2-3
Ecology: Fauna
Transference
39. Mockingbird
“...Shoot all the bluejays you want,
if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a
sin to kill a mockingbird.”
p.119, line 15-18 Mockingbird
“...Kau boleh menembak burung
bluejay
sebanyak yang kau mau,
kalau bisa kena, tetapi ingat,
membunuh mockingbird—
sejenis murai bersuara merdu—
itu dosa.” p.179, line 2-5
Ecology: Fauna
Couplets: Transference plus
Descrivtive Equivalent
40. Checker
“Well, did you know he’s the best
checker-player in this town?...”
p.120, line 17-18 Checker
“Eh, apa kau tidak tahu, dia adalah
pemain checker terbaik di kota
ini...” p.180, line 15-16
Social culture: game
Transference
41. CSA pistol
It was rumored that she kept a CSA
pistol. p.132, line 15-16
Pistol CSA Menurut desas-
desus, dia menyimpa sebuah
pistol CSA... p.196, line 1
Material culture: historical pistol
Transference
42. Baton
I had long had my eye on that baton :
it was at V.J. Elmore’s, it was
bedecked with sequins and tinsel,
it cost seventeen Tongkat
Sudah lam aku mengunginkan
tongkat itu: dijual di V. J Elmore,
berhiaskan payet dan perada,
harganya tujuh Material culture:
tools Cultural
Equivalent
Universitas Sumatera Utara
cents. p.134, line 14-16
belas sen. p.198 , line 11-13
43. Scuppernong
“Jeremy Finch, Maudie
Atkinson told me you broke
down her scuppernong arbor
this morning...” p.135, line 3-5
Scuppernong “Jeremy Finch,
Maudie Atkinson memberitahuku
bahwa kau merusak tanaman tanaman
scuppernong-nya pagi ini...”
p.199, line 9-11 Ecology: Flora
Transference
44. Castle
Although her fits had passed off, she
was in every other way her old self:
when sir Walter Scott became
involved in lengthy description of
moats and castles, Mrs. Dubose would
become bored and pick on us...
p.146, line 8-10 Istana
Meskipun penyakit ayannya tak pernah
kanmbuh lagi, dalam hal-hal lain,
dia adalah dirinya yang dulu: ketika
Sir Walter Sctt menguraikan
panjang-lebar tentang selokan dan
istana, Mrs. Dubose menjadi
bosan dan mengganggu kami.
p.214, line 23-28 Material culture:
building Cultural
Equivalent
45. Rose Bowl
Alabama might go to the Rose Bowl
again this year, judging from its
prospects, not one of whose names we
could pronounce. Atticus was in the
middle of Windy Seaton’s column
one evening when the telephone rang.
. p. 147, line 5-9 Pertandingan Rose
Bowl Alabama bisa
masuk pertandingan Rose
Bowl lagi tahun ini, jika dinilai dari
calon pemainnya yang tak satu pun
namanya bisa kami ucapkan. Atticus
sedang membacakan
kolom Windy Seaton suatu sore
ketika telepon berdering. p.216,
line 3-7 Social culture:
Sport Olympiade Couplets:
Transference plus Compensation
46. African Methodist
Episcopal Church Gereja Metodis
Episkopal Afrika Concept: religious
Naturalisation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
First Purchase African M.E.
Church was in the quarter outside the
southern town limits, across the
old sawmill tracks. p.157, line 12-14
Gereja Metodis Episkopal Afrika
First Purchase terletak di wilayah
Quarters, di luar batas selatan kota...
p.228, line 27-28
47. Asafoetida
The warm bittersweet smell of
clean Negro welcomed us as we
entered the churchyard—Heart
of Love hair- dressing mingled
with asafoetida, snuff, Hoyt’s
Cologne, Brown’s Mule, peppermint,
and lilac talcum. p.157, line 28-31
Asafoetida Gaya rambut
Hearts of Love berpadu dengan
obat asafoetida, tembakau, parfum
Hoyt’s Cologne, tembakau Brown’s
Mule, peppermint, dan talk melati.
p.229, line 22-24 Material culture:
Liquid essence, mass or paste
Couplets: Transference plus
Compensation
48. Almond
She was bullet- headed with
strange almond- shaped eyes,
straight nose, and an Indian-bow
mouth...
p.158, line 11-13
Almond Kepalanya seperti
peluru, matanya berbentuk kacang
Almond, hidungnya lurus,
dan mulutnya seperti busur
Indian. p.230, line 13-15
Ecology: Flora Couplets:
Transference plus Compensation
49. Voile
Calpurnia, in her navy voile dress
and tub of a hat, walked between
Jem
and me.
p.164, line 19-20 Voile
Calpurnia, dengan baju voile biru tua
dan topi silinder, berjalan di antara
aku dan Jem. p.239, line 6-7
Material culture: fabric
Transference
50. Ku Klux
“Ku Klux got after some Catholics one
time.” p.196, line 13
Ku Klux “Ku Klux pernah
memburu orang- orang Katolik”
p.282, line 10 Social organisation
Transference
51. Gothic
...the Maycomb jail was a miniature
Gothic ...penjara
Maycomb menjadi Concept: Style of
building Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gothic joke one cellwide and two
cells high, complete with tiny
battlements and flying
buttresses. p.201, line 33 and
p.202, line 1-2 miniatur lelucon
Gothic selebar satu sel dan setinggi dua
sel, lengkap dengan benteng pertahanan
kecil dengan permukaan
bergerigi dan fondasi batu yang
tinggi. p.288, line 17-20
52. Sunbonnet
They wore catton sunbonnets and
dresses with long sleeves. p.211,
line 31-32 Topi bonnet
Mereka mengenakan topi
bonnet dan pakaian berlengan panjang.
p.303, line 15-16 Material culture:
Clothes Couplets:
transference plus compensation
53. Mennonites
A bearded man in a wool hat drop
them. “Yonder’s some Mennonites,”
Jem said to Dill. p.211, line 32-33
and p.212 line1 Mennonit
Seorang lelaki beerjanggut dan
bertopi wol mengenakan
gerobak. “Itu orang-orang
mennonit,”
kata Jem kepada Dill.
p.303, 16-18 Concept: religious
Naturalisation
54. Prohibition-law
Mr.Tensow jones voted the straight
Prohibition ticket... p.212, line 8-9
Hukum Prohibisi Mr. Tensow Jones
memberi suara untuk suara politisi
pendukung hukum Prohibisi—masa
dalam sejarah AS, antara tahun 1920-
1933, ketika hukum melarang
pembuatan, penyebaran, dan
penjualan minuman beralkohol...
p.304, line 10-14 Concept: law
Naturalisation
55. Bacon
There were delicious smells
about: chicken, bacon frying crisp
as the twilight air. p.229 line 7-9
Daging asap Aroma lezat
menggantungdi udara: ayam,
daging asap yang di goreng kering
seperti udara senja. p.327, line 17-18
Material culture: Food
Componential analysis
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56. Possum
Jem and I detected squirrel coooking,
but it took an old countryman like
Atticus to identify possum and
rabbit... p.229, line 9-10
Possum Aku dan Jem
mengendus bau masakan tupai,
tetapi perlu orang pedesaan tua
seperti Atticus untuk membedakan
possum dan kelinci... p.327,
line 19-21 Ecology:
Fauna Transference
57. Potato Salad
Calpurnia poured milk, dished out
potato salad and ham , muttering,
“’shamed of yourselves,” in
varying degrees of intensity. p.278,
line 23-25 Salad Kentang
Calpurnia menuangkan susu,
menghidangkan salad kentang...
p.395, line 19-20 Material culture:
Food Transference
58. Ham
Calpurnia poured milk, dished out
potato salad and ham... p.278, line
23-24 Ham
Calpurnia menuangkan susu,
menghidangkan salad kentang dan
ham... p.395, line 19-20
Material culture: Food
Transference
59. Pickled pig’s
knuckles Atticus griined
when he found a jar of pickled pig’s
knuckles. p.286, line 7-8
Acar buku kaki babi
Atticus menyeringai ketika
dia menemukan sebotol acar buku
kaki babi. p.405, line 26-27
Material culture: Food
Through- translation
60. Charlotte
Calpurnia wore her stiffest starched
apron. She carried a tray of charlotte...
p.305, line 1-2 Kue charlotte
Calpurnia mengenakan
celemeknya yang paling kaku. Dia
membawa senampan kue
Charlotte... p.433, line 1-2
Material culture: Food
Couplets: Transference plus
Compensation
61. Dewberry Tart
“...I never can get my crust like this,
Tart dewberry “...aku tak bisa
membuat kulitnya Material culture:
Food Tranference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
never can...who’d ‘ve thought of little
dewberry tarts...Calpurnia?...
” p.306, line 20-22
seperti ini, tak pernah bisa...siapa
yang menyangka tart dewberry
kecil...Calpurnia?... ” p.435, line 7-9
62. NRA
Firstly, people had removed from their
store windows and automobiles the
stickes that said NRA—WE DO
OUR PART. I asked Atticus why,
and he said it was because the
National Recovery Act was dead. I
asked who killed it: he said nine old
men. p.336, line 17-21
NRA Pertama, para
warga sudah menghilangkan
dari jendela toko dan mobil mereka
stiker yang berbunyi NRA—
KAMI IKUT BERPARTISIPASI
. Aku bertanya kepada Atticus
mengapa, dan katanya karena
National Recovery Act sudah mati.
Aku bertanya siapa yang
membunuhnya: dia bilang sembilan
orang tua. p.476, line 21-28
Concept: Government act
Transference
63. Halloween
Until then, Halloween in
Maycomb was a completely
unorganized affair. p.336, line 23-24
Halloween Sampai saat itu,
Halloween di Maycomb
merupakan acara yang sangat tidak
terorganisasi. p.477, line 2-4
Custom: celebration
Transference
64. Poor Will
High above us in the drakness a
solitary mocker poured out his
repertoire in blissful
unawareness of whose tree sat he
sat in, plunging from the shrill kee,
kee of the Poor Will
Menukik dari pekik kii-kii burung
bunga matahari, ke kuakan
bluejay yang pemarah,
hingga lantunan sedih burung Poor
Will, pur wil, pur wil. p.484, line
16-18 Ecology:
Fauna Transference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
sunflower bird to the irascible qua-
ack of a bluejay, to the sad lament of
Poor Will, Poor Will, Poor Will.
p.342, line 2-6
65. Angel Food Cakes
Know what’d happen then? All
the ladies in Maycomb includin’
my wife’d be knocking on his
door bringing angel food cakes.
p.369, line 29-31 Kue angel food
Tahu apa yang akan terjadi
berikutnya? Semua wanita di
Maycomb termasuk istriku
akan mengetuk pintunya sambil
membawa kue angel food.
p.523, Line 14- 17
Material culture: Food
Transference
4.3 Discussion 4.3.1 Transference
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