Material Culture Organisations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts

surviving Confederate veteran. p.101, line 16-18 Konfederasi yang masih hidup di Maycomb County. p.153, line 7-9 3. African Methodist Episcopal Church First Purchase African M.E. Church was in the quarter outside the southern town limits, across the old sawmill tracks. p.157, line 12-14 Gereja Metodis Episkopal Afrika Gereja Metodis Episkopal Afrika First Purchase terletak di wilayah Quarters, di luar batas selatan kota... p.228, line 27-28 Concept: religious Naturalisation 4. Mennonites A bearded man in a wool hat drop them. “Yonder’s some Mennonites,” Jem said to Dill. p.211, line 32-33 and p.212 line1 Mennonit Seorang lelaki beerjanggut dan bertopi wol mengenakan gerobak. “Itu orang-orang mennonit,” kata Jem kepada Dill. p.303, 16-18 Concept: religious Naturalisation 5. Prohibition-law Mr.Tensow jones voted the straight Prohibition ticket... p.212, line 8-9 Hukum Prohibisi Mr. Tensow Jones memberi suara untuk suara politisi pendukung hukum Prohibisi—masa dalam sejarah AS, antara tahun 1920- 1933, ketika hukum melarang pembuatan, penyebaran, dan penjualan minuman beralkohol... p.304, line 10-14 Concept: law Naturalisation

4.3.2.1 Material Culture

It is found 1 word belongs to material culture which translated use naturalisation. The data is whiskey. Universitas Sumatera Utara 1. Whiskey: Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Different grains are used for different varieties, including barley, malted barley, rye, malted rye, wheat, and corn. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, made generally of charred white oak. Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: “...but when a man spends his relief checks on green whiskey his children have a way of crying from hunger pains. p.41 line 11-13 TL: “...tetapi kalau seseorang menghabiskan uang santunan untuk membeli wiski hijau, anak-anaknya akan menangis kelaparan. p.68, line 8-10 “Whiskey” is familiar with wiski in Indonesian Language. Indonesia has intoxicating beverages such as “tuak”, but this type of beverages are different from wiski. Indonesian borrowed “whisky” word into “wiski”. The translator translated “whiskey” into “wiski”. Translation technique used is naturalisation.

4.3.2.2 Organisations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts

It is found 4 words phrases belong to organisations, customs, activities, procedures, or concepts which translated use naturalisation. The data are confederate, African Methodist Episcopal Church, Mennonite, and prohibition law. 1. Confederate: A person who helps sb, especially to do something illegal or secret. Oxford Dictionary, 2000 History of confederate States of America: The Confederate States of America CSA or C.S.A., also known as the Confederacy, was a government set up on February 8, 1861, by six of the seven southern slave states that had declared their secession from the United States. The Confederacy went on to recognize as member states eleven states that had formally declared secession, two additional states with questionable declarations, and one new territory. Secessionists argued that the United States Constitution was a compact that each state could abandon without consultation; the United States the Union rejected secession as illegal. The American Civil War began with the 1861 Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter, a Union fort within territory claimed by the CSA. By 1865, after very heavy fighting, largely on Confederate soil, CSA forces Universitas Sumatera Utara were defeated and the Confederacy collapsed. No foreign nation officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, but several had granted belligerent status. The Confederate Constitution of seven state signatories—South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas—formed a permanent federal government in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861. Four additional slave-holding states—Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina—declared their secession and joined the Confederacy following a call by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln for troops from each state to recapture Sumter and other lost federal properties in the South. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: Cousin Ike Finch was maycomb County’s sole surviving Confederate veteran. p.101, line 16-18 TL: Sepupu Ike Finch adalah satu-satunya veteran Konfederasi yang masih hidup di Maycomb County. p.153, line 7-9 Confederate is foreign term. It is adopted into Indonesian language as “konfederasi”. The translator translated “confederate” into “konferederasi”. Translation technique used is naturalisation. 2. African Methodist Episcopal Church: The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the A.M.E. Church, is a predominantly African-American Methodist denomination based in the United States. It was founded by the Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816 from several black Methodist congregations in the mid-Atlantic area that wanted independence from white Methodists. The church was born in protest against racial discrimination and slavery. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: First Purchase African M.E. Church was in the quarter outside the southern town limits, across the old sawmill tracks. p.157, line 12-14 TL: Gereja Metodis Episkopal Afrika First Purchase terletak di wilayah Quarters, di luar batas selatan kota... p.228, line 27-28 Methodist Episcopal exists in Indonesia as “Methodist Episkopal”, but African Methodist Episcopal is special church for African-American. Words “Methodist”, “episcopal”, and “African” are borrowed from English into Indonesian as “Metodis”, “Episkopal”, and “Afrika” with naturalisastion. The translator translated “African Universitas Sumatera Utara Methodist Episcopal Church” into “Gereja Methodis Episcopal Afrika”. Translation technique used is naturalisation. 3. Mennonite: The Mennonites are a Protestant group based around the church communities of the Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons 1496–1561 of Friesland at that time, a part of the German Holy Roman Empire. The teachings of the Mennonites were founded on their belief in both the mission and ministry of Jesus Christ, which they held to with great conviction despite persecution by the various Roman Catholic and Protestant states. Rather than fight, the majority survived by fleeing to neighboring states where ruling families were tolerant of their radical belief in believers baptism. Over the years, Mennonites have become known as one of the historic peace churches because of their commitment to pacifism opposition to war and violence. In contemporary society, Mennonites either are described only as a religious denomination with members of different ethnic origins or as both an ethnic group and a religious denomination. Some historians and sociologists treat Mennonites as an ethno-religious group, while other historians challenge that perception. Mennonite congregations worldwide embody the full scope of Mennonite practice from plain people to those who are indistinguishable in dress and appearance from the general population. United States, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Tanzania, Germany, Zimbabwe, Southeast Asia, Kenya, Paraguay, Mexico, Nigeria, Bolivia, but Mennonites can also be found in tight-knit communities in at least 82 countries on six continents or scattered amongst the populace of those countries. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: A bearded man in a wool hat drop them. “Yonder’s some Mennonites,” Jem said to Dill. p.211, line 32-33, p.212 line 1 TL: Seorang lelaki beerjanggut dan bertopi wol mengenakan gerobak. “Itu orang-orang mennonit ,” kata Jem kepada Dill. p.303, line 16-18 “Gereja Menonit” is Mennonite community in Indonesia. “Mennonite” word is borrowed into Indonesian. There is no equivalence concept and word in Indonesian for Mennonite. For this reason mennonite is untransatable. The translator translated “Mennonite” into “Mennonit”. Translation technique used is naturalisation. Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. Prohibition Law: A law or a rule that stop something being done or used. Oxford Dictionary, 2000 Prohibition in the United States was a national ban on the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol, in place from 1920 to 1933. The dry movement was led by rural Protestants in both political parties, and was coordinated by the Anti-Saloon League. The ban was mandated by the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and the Volstead Act set down the rules for enforcing the ban and defined the types of alcoholic beverages that were prohibited. Private ownership and consumption of alcohol was not made illegal under federal law, but in many areas local laws were stricter and some states banned possession outright. Prohibition ended with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, on December 5, 1933. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: Mr.Tensow jones voted the straight Prohibition ticket... p.212, line 8-9 TL: Mr. Tensow Jones memberi suara untuk suara politisi pendukung hukum Prohibisi— masa dalam sejarah AS, antara tahun 1920-1933, ketika hukum melarang pembuatan, penyebaran, dan penjualan minuman beralkohol... p.304, line 10-14 Prohibition law is borrowed into Indonesian language as “hukum prohibisi”. The translator translated “prohibition law” into “hukum prohibition”. Translation technique used is naturalisation.

4.3.3 Cultural Equivalent