Ecology It is found 4 words phrases belong to ecology which translated use couplets, namely

. p. 147, line 5-9 kolom Windy Seaton suatu sore ketika telepon berdering. p.216, line 3-7 14.. Asafoetida The warm bittersweet smell of clean Negro welcomed us as we entered the churchyard—Heart of Love hair- dressing mingled with asafoetida, snuff, Hoyt’s Cologne, Brown’s Mule, peppermint, and lilac talcum. p.157, line 28-31 Asafoetida Gaya rambut Hearts of Love berpadu dengan obat asafoetida, tembakau, parfum Hoyt’s Cologne, tembakau Brown’s Mule, peppermint, dan talk melati. p.229, line 22-24 Material culture: Liquid essence, mass or paste Couplets: Transference plus Compensation 15. Almond She was bullet- headed with strange almond- shaped eyes, straight nose, and an Indian-bow mouth... p.158, line 11-13 Almond Kepalanya seperti peluru, matanya berbentuk kacang Almond, hidungnya lurus, dan mulutnya seperti busur Indian. p.230, line 13-15 Ecology: Flora Couplets: Transference plus Compensation

4.3.6.1 Ecology It is found 4 words phrases belong to ecology which translated use couplets, namely

rat terrier, pecan, mockingbird, and almond. 1. Rat terrier: The Rat Terrier is an American dog breed with a rich and varied background as an all-around farm dog and hunting companion. Todays Rat Terrier is an intelligent, active little dog that is cherished both for pest control and as a family pet. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: We went to the wire fence to see if there was a puppy—Miss Rachel’s rat terrier was expecting—instead we found someone sitting looking at us. p.7 line 33 and p.8 line 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara TL: Kami mendekati pagar kawat untuk melihat kalau-kalau ada anak anjing—anjing rat terrier Miss rachel sedang hamil tua—alih-alih kami menemukan seseorang sedang duduk, memandangi kami. p.22, Iine 12-16 Rat terrier is one of type of dog-species which natives to America. Nowadays, a few of Indonesian people has raised this species. But, Indonesian language does not have the equivalence for this type of dog, so that this species is untranslatable word. The translator translated “rat terrier” into “anjing rat terrier”. The translator adds ‘anjing’ as information that rat terrier as dog. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 2. Pecan: Carya illinoinensis, is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz, [1][2] in the United States in Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas. A pecan, like the fruit of all other members of the hickory genus, is not truly a nut, but is technically a drupe, a fruit with a single stone or pit, surrounded by a husk. The seeds of the pecan are edible, with a rich, buttery flavor. They can be eaten fresh or used in cooking, particularly in sweet desserts, but also in some savory dishes. SL: ...from the Radley chickenyard tall pecan trees shook their fruit into the schoolyard, but the nuts lay untouched by the children... p.11 line 5-7 TL: ...dari kandang ayam Radley, pohon kacang pecan yang tinggi menggugurkan buahnya ke pekarangan sekolah, tetapi kacang-kacang itu bertebaran tak tersentuh oleh anak-anak. p.26, line 25-28 Pecan does not grow in Indonesia. Indonesian language adopts “pecan” and say it “kacang pecan”. The translator translated “pecan” into “kacang pecan”. Word ‘kacang’ is added by the translator. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 3. Mockingbird: Mockingbirds are members of the Mimidae family, a group of American passerines that also includes thrashers, tremblers, and New World catbirds. These stentorian songbirds, medium sized with angular proportions and long, twitchy tails, range from the Canadian border down through South America. The song of the mockingbird is actually a medley of the calls of many other birds. Each imitation is repeated two or three times before another song is initiated. A given bird may have 30, 40 or even 200 songs Universitas Sumatera Utara in its repertoire, including other bird songs, insect and amphibian sounds, and even the occasional mechanical noise. Wikipedia,2013 SL: Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” p.119, line 15-18 TL: “...Kau boleh menembak burung bluejay sebanyak yang kau mau, kalau bisa kena, tetapi ingat, membunuh mockingbird—sejenis murai bersuara merdu—itu dosa.” p.179, line 2-5 Mockingbird is not found in Indonesia and commonly, Indonesian folks do not know the bird. The translator translated “mockingbird” into “mockingbird” with description information. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus descriptive equivalent. 4. Almond: The almond Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis, Amygdalus communis, Amygdalus dulcis, is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. It was spread by humans in ancient times along the shores of the Mediterranean into northern Africa and southern Europe and more recently transported to other parts of the world, notably California, United States. The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed which is not a true nut inside. Almonds are sold shelled i.e., after the shells are removed, or unshelled i.e., with the shells still attached. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: She was bullet-headed with strange almond-shaped eyes, straight nose, and an Indian-bow mouth... p.158, line 11-13 TL: Kepalanya seperti peluru, matanya berbentuk kacang Almond, hidungnya lurus, dan mulutnya seperti busur Indian. p.230, line 13-15 Almond or “kacang Almond” is familiar in Indonesia. But it is foreign nut. This word is borrowed into Indonesian language since no equivalent in Indonesian vocabulary for “almond”. The translator translated “almond” into “kacang almond”. The translator added ‘kacang’ as informaion that almon is nut. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.3.6.2 Material Culture It is found 5 words phrases belong to material culture which translated use couplets, namely sunbonnet, charlotte, asafoetida, taffeta, and widow’s walk. 1. Sunbonnet: A sunbonnet is a type of deep brimmed hat worn to protect the face and head from the sun. Various forms of sunbonnets have been worn for centuries, almost always by women, although they were viewed as old fashioned in most parts of the world by the mid twentieth century. The sunbonnet is an iconic part of American frontier culture. Versions of the sunbonnet are also worn by native Americans in both North and South America as part of their traditional dress. The construction of a sunbonnet is relatively simple. It is made from thick, stiffened cloth or straw which is designed to hold a deeply curved shape. The sunbonnet is tied under the chin, and a flap across the back of the bonnet protects the back of the head and neck from the sun. Wisegeek, 2013 SL: They wore catton sunbonnets and dresses with long sleeves. p.211, line 31-32 TL: Mereka mengenakan topi bonnet dan pakaian berlengan panjang. p.303, line 15-16 Sunbonnet is a foreign hat in Indonesia. It is known as “topi bonnet” that used by Indonesian baby. The translator translated “sunbonnet” into “topi bonnet”. The translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 2. Charlotte: A charlotte is a type of dessert that can be served hot or cold. It can also be known as an ice-box cake. Bread, sponge cake or biscuitscookies are used to line a mold, which is then filled with a fruit puree or custard. It can also be made using layers of breadcrumbs. Classically, stale bread dipped in butter was used as the lining, but sponge cake or lady fingers may be used today. The filling may be covered with a thin layer of similarly flavoured gelatin. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: Calpurnia wore her stiffest starched apron. She carried a tray of charlotte... p.305, line 1-2 TL: Calpurnia mengenakan celemeknya yang paling kaku. Dia membawa senampan kue Charlotte... p.433, line 1-2 Universitas Sumatera Utara Charlotte is can be found in Indonesia now. But, it is belongs to foreign food. The translator translated “charlotte” into “kue charlotte”. The translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 3. Taffeta : Taffeta is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibres. The word is Persian in origin and means twisted woven. It is considered to be a high-end fabric, suitable for use in ball gowns, wedding dresses, and interiors for curtains or wallcovering. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: Soft taffeta-like sounds and muffled scurrying sounds filled me with helpless dread. p.92, line 3-4 TL: Suara selembut kain taffeta dan bunyi berisik yang teredam mejlariku dengan kengerian tanpa daya. p.139, line 6-8 Taffeta is not native to Indonesia. Taffeta has been borrowed into Indonesian phrase “kain taffeta”. This type of fabric has been familiar in Indonesia. The translator translated “taffeta” into “kain taffeta”. Word ‘kain’ is added to give information that tffeta is a kind of fabric. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 4. Asafoetida: Asafoetida Ferula asafoetida is a plant from the Apiaceae family, which includes carrots, parsley, dill, celery, caraway, fennel, and lovage. Most similar in appearance to fennel, this herb has a smell thats often compared to rotting feet. In fact, some countries refer to it as Devils Dung because of the foul smell. Native to the Middle East, asafoetida is a perennial plant that grows about 6 feet 1.83 m high and bears bright yellow clusters of flowers. Though it smells offensive, asafoetida tastes much like a combination of strong onions with a touch of earthy truffles. Wisegeek, 2013 Asafoetida is used in food and medicine. In medicine it is used as an antispasmodic. It is also good for skin care and hair. it is also believed can repel spirits. Commercially asafoetida comes in three forms: tears, mass, and paste. Universitas Sumatera Utara SL: The warm bittersweet smell of clean Negro welcomed us as we entered the churchyard—Heart of Love hair-dressing mingled with asafoetida, snuff, Hoyt’s Cologne, Brown’s Mule, peppermint, and lilac talcum. p.157, line 28-31 TL: Gaya rambut Hearts of Love berpadu dengan obat asafoetida, tembakau, parfum Hoyt’s Cologne, tembakau Brown’s Mule, peppermint, dan talk melati. p.229, line 22-24 Asafoetida is not naive to Indonesi. Asafoetida is called asafetida in Indonesia, it is usually found in Indian Indonesian culinary. Asafoetida is usually comes in powder, liquid essence, or paste. For this reason, based on context of the source text, asafoetida is belonged to material culture. The translator translated “asafoetida” into “obat asafoetida” with adding word “obat”. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus compensation. 5. Widow’s walk: A widows walk also known as a widows watch or roofwalk is a railed rooftop platform often with a small enclosed cupola frequently found on 19th-century North American coastal houses. In other coastal communities, the platforms were called Captains Walk. Widows walks are in fact a standard decorative feature of Italianate architecture, which was very popular during the height of the Age of Sail in many North American coastal communities. Wikipedia, 2013 SL: A widow’s walk was on the roof, but no widows walked there—from it, Simon over- saw his overseer... p.106, line 32-33 and p.107, line 1-2 TL: Di atap rumah itu terdapat bagian datar yang disebut Widow’s Walk—Jalan Janda— meskipun tak ada janda yang pernah berjalan di situ—dari situ, Simon mengawasi mandornya... p.160, line 6-9 Widow’s walk is balcony, in Indonesia it is called “balkon”. It is not Indonesian architechture. But, nowadays, this kind of porch is often found in Indonesian story houses. The translator translated “widow’s walk” into “widow’s walk with adding “jalan janda”. Translation technique used is couplets transference plus through-translation

4.3.6.3 Social Culture Category