Simple future tense Result of Test

S ampl e Te st Omis sion Addition Misformation Mi se lec ti on Mi sorde ring R esult Double Mar king R egular iza ti on S im ple A ddit ion R egular iza ti on Ar chi -fo rm Alter na ti ng -for m 16 1 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1HV, 1S 2 - - - - - - - 1QW - 17 1 1V - - - - 1QW - - - 2 - - - - - 1HV, 1V - - - 18 1 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - 1PP 1HV, 1V - - 1HV 19 1 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - - - 20 1 1O - - - - - - - 1S 2 - - - 1RP - 1PP - - 1HV 21 1 1O - - - - - - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - - - 22 1 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1HV, 1S 2 - - - 1RP - - - - 1HV 23 1 - - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - - - Description: HV = Helping Verb, O = Object, PP = Personal Pronoun, QW = Question Word, R = Relative Pronoun, S = Subject, V = Verb. S ampl e Te st Omis sion Addition Misformation Mi se lec ti on Mi sorde ring R esult Double Mar king R egular iza ti on S im ple A ddit ion R egular iza ti on Ar chi -fo rm Alter na ti ng -for m 24 1 1Ad - - - - 1QW, 1HV - 1V 1S E rror 2 - - - - - 3HV , 2V - 1Ad - 25 1 1O - - - - - - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - 2QW, 1Ad 1HV 26 1 1V, 1O, 1P - - - - 1QW - - - 2 - - - - - 1HV, 1PP - - - 27 1 1O - - - - 1QW, 1PP - - 1HV 1S E rror 2 - - - - - - - 1QW, 1Ad 3HV 28 1 - - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - - 2HV 29 1 1P - - - - 1QW - - - 2 - - - - - 1HV - - - 30 1 1P - - - - 2QW - - - 2 - - - - 1PP - - 1QW - Description: Ad = Adverb, HV = Helping Verb, O = Object, P = Preposition,PP = Personal Pronoun, QW = Question Word, R = Relative Pronoun, S = Subject, V = Verb. S ampl e Te st Omis sion Addition Misformation Mi se lec ti on Mi sorde ring R esult Double Mar king R egular iza ti on S im ple A ddit ion R egular iza ti on Ar chi -fo rm Alter na ti ng -for m 31 1 - - - - - 1QW, 1HV - - 2HV 1S 2 - 1HV - - - - - - - 32 1 - - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - - - - 1Ad - 33 1 - - - - - 1QW - - 1S 2 - - - - - 1V - - - 34 1 - - - - - 1QW, 1HV - - 1HV 1S 2 - 1HV - - - - - 1Ad - 35 1 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1HV 1S 2 - - - - - - - 1Ad - 36 1 1S, 1O - - - - 1QW - - 2HV 1S E rror 2 - - - - - - - - 3HV 37 1 1HV, 1O - - - - 1QW - - 1HV 1S E rror 2 - - - - - 1HV - - 2HV Description: Ad = Adverb, HV = Helping Verb, O = Object, QW = Question Word, S = Subject, V = Verb Based on the table 4.5, there are 5 students of 37 students or 13.5 in percentage who made errors in making wh-question in simple past tense.

2. The Result of Observation

The observation was conducted on April 21, 2014. The objects of the observation are the teaching-learning activity and the material which is used by the students in learning wh-question. The objective of this observation is to find out whether there is context of learning as the cause of error. The observation of teaching-learning activity was taken place in the classroom of 8A and 8B. According to observation guide see appendix 5 page 135-136, there are four points which were being evaluated, they are: teacher’s performance in conveying professional attributes, teacher’s behavior in establishing set, using question, and providing clear instructions. 1 The result of observation is the teacher showed good performance and behavior, such as: in conveying professional attributes, the teacher appeared knowledgeable of the topic, of learners, and of pedagogy. In establishing set, the teacher captured students’ attention and related new information about simple past tense to what students had learned previously about simple present tense, present continues tense, simple future tense. In using question, she used the question effectively. In providing clear instruction, the teacher used pauses to reinforce important points or to allow learners to ask questions. The students were attentively listening to t he teacher’s explanation about wh-question in different tenses. The learning material that is used by the students is English book. The English book is “Contextual English VIII”, published by Quantum. The result of the observation shows that both teaching-learning activity and the English book do not mislead the students to make some errors.

B. Data Analysis

1. Simple Present Tense

Based on the data description above, the frequency of error which students made in simple present tense is described as follow: 1 Donald R. Cruickshank, Deborah Bainer Jenkins, Kim K. Metcalf, The Act of Teaching, Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2006, pp. 450-453. Table 4.6 Frequency of Error in Making Simple Present Tense Types of Error POS FOE POE Samples P Omission Helping Verb 22 59.5 9, 14, 18, 25, 27, 31, 37 18.9 Addi ti on Double Marking - - - - Regularization - - - - Simple Addition - - - - Mi sfor mation Regularization - - - - - Archi-form Helping Verb 15 40.5 1, 7, 13, 22, 26 13.5 Alternating form - - - - Miselection - - - - Misordering - - - - 2 Types 1 37 100 12 students 32.4 POS = Part of Sentence, FOE = Frequency of Error, POE = Percentage of Error, P = Percentage of Students. Based on the table 4.6, the second year students of SMP Islam Al-Syukro Universal made two types of error, they are: omission and archi-form. Both of them are committed in one part of wh-question: helping verb. There are 22 omissions of helping verb or 59.5 of the total errors and they are made by 7 students or 18.9 of the total students. There are 15 archi-forms of helping verb or 40.5 of the total errors, and they made by 5 students or 13.5 of the total students. Table 4.7 The Errors of Wh-Question in Simple Present Tense No. Items Omission Of Helping Verb Sample Error Reconstructions A11 What color__ your bag? 27 What color is your bag? A31 What __ your school’s name? 27, 37 What is your school’s name? A51 Where your Grandpa and Grandma live? 9, 18, 14, 25, 27, 37 Where do your Grandpa and Grandma live? B81 Whose painting __ very beautiful? 31 Whose painting is very beautiful? A12 When the lesson start every day? 9, 18, 14, 25, 27 When does the lesson start every day? A32 Why __ all of Museum in Jakarta close on Monday? 9, 18, 14, 25, 27, 37 Why do all of Museum in Jakarta close on Monday? B12 Who__ the architect of Statue of Liberty? 27 Who is the architect of Statue of Liberty? No. Items Archi-form of Helping Verb Sample Error Reconstructions A51 Where is your Grandpa and Grandma live? Where are your Grandpa and Grandma live? 1, 13, 22, 26 7 Where do your Grandpa and Grandma live? A 1 When did the lesson start every day? When is the lesson start every day? 7 26 When does the lesson start every day? A32 Why does all of Museum in Jakarta close on Monday? Why are all of Museum in Jakarta close on Monday? When did the lesson start every day? 1, 13, 22 7 26 Why do all of Museum in Jakarta close on Monday?