2. Tests
The purpose of these tests is to get data of errors. From this data the writer may able to know what kinds of error the students made. The test consists of
10 items of translation and 10 items of transformation.
F. Technique of Collecting Data
This research used two techniques in collecting the data, they are: 1.
Observation The observation was conducted to observe the teaching and learning activity
in the classroom. The technique of the observation is non-participant observation which the writer are outside the subject, the writer only stood as
an observant. Since the objective of the observation is to find out the induced error, The focus of the observation is the explanation of the teacher about the
material and the content of the book which is used by the students. 2.
Tests The tests are given to the second year students of SMP Islam Al-Syukro
Universal. In order to distinct the error from mistake, the tests were given twice in the different date and time. Below is the distribution of the item
numbers of wh-question test:
Table 3.1 The Distribution of the Item Numbers of
WH-Question Test
Activity Indicators
Test Item Test 1
Test 2
Translating wh-questions
Translating wh-questions in Bahasa to English in simple
present tense. Section A:
1, 3, 5 Section A:
1, 3, 5
Activity Indicators
Test Item Test 1
Test 2
Translating wh-questions in Bahasa to English in present
continous tense. Section A:
2, 10 Section A:
2, 10
Translating wh-questions in Bahasa to English in simple
past tense. Section A:
6, 8, 9 Section A:
6, 8, 9
Translating wh-questions in Bahasa to English in simple
future tense. Section A:
4, 7 Section A:
4, 7
Creating wh- questions
Creating wh-questions in simple present tense based on
the given answer. Section B:
1, 4, Section B:
1, 4,
Creating wh-questions in present continous tense based
on the given answer. Section B:
2, 7, 9 Section B:
2, 7, 9
Creating wh-questions in simple past tense based on the
given answer. Section B:
3, 5, Section B:
3, 5,
Creating wh-questions in simple future tense based on
the given answer. Section B:
6, 8, 10 Section B:
6, 8, 10
G. Technique of Analyzing Data
The data taken from observation can be used directly to prove whether any induced error during teaching-learning activity in the classroom.
