Types of Error Data Interpretation

The helping verb might be omitted because there is no auxiliary which stands as helping in wh-question in Bahasa. When students made wh- questions in English, the structure of their native language is applied. The interlingual transfer is also caused the error in using question word, especially question words for asking about people. For example: Student 23: Sentence error : Whom is the architect of Statue of Liberty? Reconstruction : Who is the architect of Statue of Liberty? Student 8 : Sentence error : Who will you invite to your birthday party? Reconstruction : Whom will you invite to your birthday party? Student 24: Sentence error : Whose is the reporter interviewing? Reconstruction : Whom is the reporter interviewing? Since in Bahasa the question word for asking about people is only one; siapa, the students are confused to determine whether they have to use question words; who, whom or whose. b. Intralingual Transfer Intralingual transfer is the imperfectness in learning second language and causes overgeneralization. It can be seen by the three errors that the students made in making wh-question: The first is the archi-form of the helping verbs. When the students learn about the presence of auxiliary in English sentence, they try to apply it without knowing the appropriate auxiliary should be used as helping verb in wh-question. In these cases, the students didn’t know if they should use “is” or “are” as helping verb in wh-question in present continues tense, “did” as helping verb in simple past tense, and “will” as the helping verb in simple future tense. For example: Student 7: Sentence error : Where is your Grandpa and Grandma live? Reconstruction : Where do your Grandpa and Grandma live? Student 32: Sentence error : What do your friend doing? Reconstruction : What is your friend doing? Student 26: Sentence error : Whom is you call last night? Reconstruction : Whom did you call last night? Student 24: Sentence error : When is your Father goes to Bandung? Reconstruction : When will your Father goes to Bandung? The second is the archi form of verb. The archi-forms of verb in present continues tense are made because the students are influenced by the form of verb 1 in the simple present tense. They forget to use “verb + ing ” in the sentence. Meanwhile, the archi-forms of verb in the simple past tense are made because the students overgenerate the form of verb 2 as in declarative sentence. When the students made wh-question in simple past tense, they did not invert the verb 2 into verb 1. For example: Student 31: Sentence error : What is your teacher do now? Reconstruction : What is your teacher doing now? Student 15: Sentence error : Whose gift you bought yesterday? Reconstruction : Whose gift did you buy yesterday? The last, is the misordering of helping verb. It is made because the students overgenerate the structure of declarative sentence where auxiliary is placed after subject. In making wh-question they should place the helping verb after the question word. For example: Student 12: Sentence error : Why you didn’t go to anywhere yesterday? Reconstruction : Why didn’t you go to anywhere yesterday? Student 36: Sentence error : How your Mother will order the ticket? Reconstruction : How will your Mother order the ticket? Referring to the cause of error above, the major causes in making wh- question are intralingual transfer and interlingual transfer.