Freycinetia imbricata Bl. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Pandanaceae R. Br.

overlapping leaf bases. Leaves linear, imbricate, 14–31 cm long, 1–2.8 cm wide at the middle, the leaf base overlapping, slightly sheathing, abruptly attenuate below the apex with an acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, thin coriaceus to subcoriaceus, above glossy dark green, below paler green, patent but margins slightly revolute; the midrib below sharp, thickened and projecting below; longitudinal veins visible on the both surface, prominent on the abaxial surface, about 0.5-0.6 mm apart, tertiary cross vein partially visible on the abaxial surface, at mid section with 15-18 secondary parallel veins in each half exclude costa; margins near base and along apex especially on cauda serrulate-denticulate to serrate-dentate, 0.5 mm long, 1-4 mm apart, ascending at 5 o , straw color, elsewhere smooth; median costa dorsally with prickles 0.5-0.75 mm long, 2-4 mm apart, subulate tipped serration minutely serrate, ascending at 45 o , straw color; auricle partially preserved in some leaves, 2-5 cm long, 0.3-1 cm wide, membranous, tapered or rounded to the apex-adnate at apex, entire-armed almost to the base., 3 or 4 nerved; pistillate inflorescence pseudoumbellate to pseudolaterall; pedicels 1.2 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm wide, semiterete, glabrous-puberulous; bract 4-6 in number, ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 cm long, 0.8-1.8 cm wide, entire, acute–acuminate; terminal; syncarp narrowly elliptic–broadly oblong, 2.6-2 cm long, 1-2.2 cm wide, green when ripe, berries numerous, crowded, when dry 3.5-6.5 mm long, 1 -2 mm wide, pentagonal-lageniform, pileus 0.2-0.3 mm long, white, narrowing beneath the pileus; stigma mostly 2-3, 0.2-0.3 mm wide, depressed ovate- suborbicular. DISTRIBUTION: West Java. HABITAT ECOLOGY: Freycinetia imbricata grows on altitude 500 to 1100 m above sea level in a long a trail on a steep slope in a disturbed primary lowland forest, but mostly found growing on hill forest below 1000 m; flowering and fruiting in March to October. NOTES. Freycinetia imbricata is named in reference to its imbricate leaves. Freycinetia imbricata appears close to F. sumatrana. Morphologically these species are similar to each other by sharing linear leaves, imbricate leaves, leaf margin prickly in the basal part, apical part and midrib toward apex. Freycinetia sumatrana differs from F. imbricatas by two character states, auricle fragmenting transversally and berry subpyramidal. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: — WEST JAVA: Bantam Jaya, Forbes 447 K; Bogor-Ciapus, Hallier sn BO; Sukabumi-Mt. Halimin Nat. Park-Mt. Kendeng, Hoover, Hendra and Hunter 32727 BO; Cikaniki river, Hoover, Girmansyah and Hunter 72220 BO; Cikaniki, Rahayu 039, and 045 JHUN; Mt. Gede Pangrango Nat. Park-Bodogol, Kartawinata 1809 BO, Martelli 226 L, Rahayu 033, and 035 JHUN; Burangrang-Mt. Limus, van den Brink 4348 BO; South Bandung, South Ciwidey- Cibarengkok, Dransfield 4175 BO. 4 . Freycinetia insignis Bl. Freycinetia insignis Blume, Rumphia 1:148, t. 42.1835. Kurz, J. Bot 5:134. 1867. Warburg, Pflanzenr. 3 .IV. 33. 1900. Koorders, Recueil.Trav. Bot. Neerl. 7: 83. 1910. Koorders, Exkurs. Fl. v .Java : 76. 1911. Koorders, Exkurs. Fl. v. Java I: 5. 1913. Backer Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java 3: 200.1968. Stone, Reinwardtia 8 : 310. 1972 — Lectotype: Martelli 113 L. Medium climbers, the stems 1.7-18 mm in diameter, terete. Internodes of branches 0.6-3 cm long, 1.1-1.3 mm thick, terete, sulcate. Leaves linear, imbricate, 45-22 cm long, 1.8-3.7 cm wide, the leaf base amplexicaul, gradually attenuate to a subulate caudate apex 4.5-6 cm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, chartaceus to coriaceous, above dark green, below paler green, patent but margins slightly revolute; the midrib below thin to thickened, sharp and projecting below; longitudinal veins prominent on both surfaces, about 0.5-0.8 mm apart, tertiary cross vein barely visible toward the base, but from the middle outward easily noted, a few tertiary cross vein oblique, forming short rhombic mashes; at mid section with 22 – 30 secondary parallel veins in each half exclude costa; margins armed for a short space 5.5-6 cm in the basal part with denticulate prickles, 0.5 -1 mm long, 1-4 mm apart, ascending at 90 o , bent upward, straw color; in the apical part with subulate tipped serration, 0.30-0.75 mm long, 0.5-3 mm apart, ascending at 3 o , straw color, unarmed between; midrib armed in upper quarter to upper third, prickles sparse 0.3 mm long, 3-4 mm apart, subulate tipped serration, curved, ascending, straw color; auricle subpersistent but fragmenting, 4-0 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide, the apex preserved in some upper leaves 5.5-6.8 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide , adnate to the apex, denticulate-spinulose at the apex with prickles 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm apart, subulate, ascending. 4–nerve, pale green; pistillate inflorescence pseudoumbellate; peduncle with bract scar, 14.5- 17.5 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm wide, semiterete with 2.5-3 cm toward the apex, each syncarp on pedicels 1.5-5.2 cm long, 0.2-1.5 cm wide, 5-6 mm thick, robust, semiterete, glabrous–hirsute; bracts 3-10 in number, 6–24 cm long, 2.7–3 cm wide, ovate, apex aristate and armed with spinulose prickles; terminal; syncarp 2- 4, cylindric, narrowly elliptic, suboblong - oblong, 1-11 cm long, 0.5-3.2 cm wide; berries numerous, crowded, pentagonal, lageniform - oblong, narrowing on the base, when dry 1–11 mm long, 1 mm wide, apex truncate; pileus 0.2–0.5 mm long, white, suborbicular; stigma 2-3 -4, dark brown, suborbicular-deppresed ovate, sunken to horizontal in position, stigmatic areola 0.5-1 mm wide. DISTRIBUTION: West Java, Central Java to East Java. HABITAT ECOLOGY: Freycinetia insignis is one of species occupying wider ecological spectrum from 200 to 2000m above sea level. This species grows from lowland rain forest to upper montane forest, but mostly found growing in lower montane forest below 1500 m; flowering and fruiting in January to December. VERNACULAR NAME:. Pandan grengseng, pandan rambat . NOTES: Freycinetia insignis appears close to F. sumatrana. Morphologically these species are similar to each other by sharing linear leaves, imbricate leaves, leaf margin prickly in the basal part, apical part and midrib toward apex, auricle without septate or nerve, leaf apex gradually attenuate to subulate apex, pistillate inflorescence pseudoumbellate. Freycinetia sumatrana differs from F. insignis by two character states, auricle fragmenting transversally and peduncle without bract scar. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: — WEST JAVA: Pandeglang-Mt. Karang, Koorders 40133 BO; Sukabumi-Mt. Halimun Nat. Park, van Steenis 12410 BO, Dransfield 4209 BO, Rahayu 040 JHUN; Cianjur-Cibodas, Koorders 40942 BO, Dransfield 985 BO, Nitta 15095 K, Rahayu 023 and 026 JHUN; Bandung -Tangkuban Perahu, van Leeuwen 2270, and 11515 BO; Ciwidey-Mt. Simpang, Widjaja sn JHUN, Rahayu 012, and 015 JHUN; CENTRAL JAVA: Semarang-Mt. Telomoyo, Koorders 27887 BO; EAST JAVA: Madiun-Mt. Wilis, Lorsing 841 BO; Pasuruan-Mt. Semeru Mt. Widodaren, Backer 3677 BO , van Steenis 1341 BO.

5. Freycinetia javanica Bl.

Freycinetia javanica Blume, Rhumpia 1: 156, t. 41. 1835. Warburg, Pflanzenr. 3. IV. 39. 1900. Koorders, Recueil. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 7: 85. 1910. Koorders, Exkurs. Fl. v .Java : 77. 1911. Koorders, Exkurs. Fl. v. Java I: 4. 1913. Backer Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java 3: 201.1968. Stone, Reinwardtia 8 : 311.1972 — Lectotype: Java, Blume 227 L. F. lucens Ridl. Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins 2: 233.1907 — Lectotype: Singapore, Ridley 3703 SING. F. montana Ridl. Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins 2: 234.1907 — Lectotype: Malay Peninsula, Perak, Taiping Hills, Ridley 5194 SING. Smallish to medium climbers, the stem 1.5-14 mm in diameter, subterete -terete. Internodes of branches 0.7-4.5 cm long, 3.5-5.5 mm thick, terete, sulcate, greenish brown–reddish brown. Leaves linear - lanceolate, alternate, 10-25 cm long, 0.7-5 cm wide, the leaf base semiamplexicaul, slightly sheathing, abruptly attenuate below the apex to gradually attenuate toward the subulate apex or acuminate with an acumen 0.3-1 cm long, subcoriaceous, patent; the midrib below not raised - slightly raised; longitudinal veins prominent on both surfaces, about 0.3-0.5 mm apart, tertiary cross vein not visible, at mid section with 8-15 secondary parallel veins in each half exclude costa; margins with subulate tipped serration, 0.2-0.5 mm long, 1.5-4 mm apart, ascending at 5 o for a short space 1.5-9 cm long at base, serrulate with ascending spines 0.2-0.5 mm long, 0.5-4 mm apart, ascending at 5 o toward apex, elsewhere smooth; median costa dorsally with serrulate with ascending spines 0.2-1 mm long, 0.5- 6 mm apart, ascending at 20 o toward the apex; auricle subpersistent, partially preserved in some upper leaves, have 1-2 septate, membranous, when fresh colorless and translucent, caducous, tapered or rounded to the apex, entire or weakly and sparsely denticulate, 1.5-4 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, brownish green-brownish yellow; peduncle short, each spadix on a robust, glabrous pedicel 4-7 mm long, 3 mm thick; bracts lanceolate, 2.2-7 cm long, 4.1-14 mm wide, yellow, apex acute- acuminate, with subulate tipped serration-denticulate, 0.2-0.3 mm long, 0.5-1 mm apart, ascending, median costa dorsally with serrate with ascending spines, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm apart toward the apex; staminate inflorescence of 3-4 spadices; spikes umbellate, narrowly cylindric, 17-33 mm long, 1-3 mm thick, composed of numerous densely crowded sessile stamens; pistillate inflorescence umbellate; pedicels 0.4-2.2 cm long, 3 mm thick, robust, semiterete, glabrous- spinulose; bracts 5 in number, 5.5-6.7 cm long, 1 cm wide, ovate, apex acute- cuspidate; terminal, syncarp mostly 3, cylindric, 1.7-5.5 cm long, 0.2-1.3 cm wide; berries numerous, separated down to their base in syncarp, when dry 0.5- 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, oblong; pileus 0.1- 0.2 mm long, white, suborbicular, 4-5 angled, apex truncate; stigma mostly 3-5, 0.2-0.5 mm long, ovate, dark brown, sunken- horizontal in position. DISTRIBUTION: West Java, Central Java to East Java. HABITAT ECOLOGY: Freycinetia javanica is specifically found in disturbed secondary forest at lower montane areas from 1000 to 1300 m above sea level, especially at shade place; flowering and fruiting in March to December. VERNACULAR NAME: Tandang lentik, Singsim, Lolocacing. NOTES: Freycinetia javanica appears close to F. scandens. Morphologically these species are similar to each other by sharing alternate leaves, auricle membranous. Freycinetia scandens differs from F. javanica by two character states, leaf margin prickly in the basal part and apical part, auricle fragmenting laterally. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: — WEST JAVA: Ujung Kulon, Wirawan 164 K; Bogor-Mt. Salak, Lam 22 BO, van Steenis 143 BO; Sukabumi-Mt. Halimun Nat. Park - Nirmala, Backer 10913 BO, Balgooj Wiriadinata 2887 K, Rahayu 043 JHUN; Jampang Kulon, Rahayu 020 JHUN; Mt. Gede Pangrango Nat. Park-Bodogol, Rahayu 036 JHUN; Cianjur-Cibodas, Soewarta 156 L, Rahayu 027 JHUN; Ciwidey-Mt. Simpang, Rahayu 007 JHUN; CENTRAL JAVA: Banyumas-Mt. Slamet, .Keim 347 BO; EAST JAVA : Jember, Koorders 25831 BO.