60
Table 5 continued
No Topics
Basic Competences
7. Profession
He is a Doctor to recognize the English words for professions and
also able to produce a simple sentence of how to ask and answer the questions about profession
.
8. At home
The Sofa is in the Living Room
to recognize the English words for the things at home and also able to produce a simple sentence of
how to ask and answer the questions about the things at home
.
3. Identifying Learning Characteristics
It is important to identify students’ learning characteristics in order to obtain relevant and acceptable designed materials. This step is needed in order to gain the
information about the students’ interests, behavior and characteristics. Each student has hisher own characteristics such as how their cognitive development is and what
kind of activities that make them eager to learn. The other characteristics that should be considered in designing the instruction materials are level of intelligence, age,
maturity, motivation for studying, and relation among students. The writer conducted observation and interview with one English teacher of
SDN UNGARAN II. The information gathered from the observation and also the interview was as follows.
1. The students are very active.
2. They liked to learn English with various activities.
3. Most of the students are interested in learning English. However, some of the
students were not interested in learning English because they found difficulties in learning English.
4. Students believed that learning through interested activities that were accordance
61
with their needs and talents would help them to develop their intelligences. Therefore, it would be easier for them in learning English.
4. Learning Objectives
Learning objectives should be decided in designing instructional materials. The learning objectives are used to specify the learning objectives on each topic to be
achieved. The learning objectives are stated as “achievement indicators”. Achievement indicator is the new term that represents the specific objective. The
complete indicators are described in Table 6.
Table 6 Achievement Indicators
No Topics
Achievement Indicators
1. Animals
The students are able to: 1.
Sing a song about animals. 2.
Mention the names of animals correctly. 3.
Pronounce the names of animals correctly. 4.
Find the names of animals. 5.
Practice the dialogue of asking and answering about animals.
6. Identify the animals.
2. Fruits
The students are able to: 1.
Sing a song about fruits. 2.
Mention the names of fruits correctly. 3.
Pronounce the names of fruits correctly. 4.
Find the names of fruits. 5.
Practice the dialogue of asking and answering about fruits.
6. Identify the fruits.
3. Numbers
The students are able to: 1.
Sing a song about numbers. 2.
Mention the numbers correctly. 3.
Pronounce the numbers correctly. 4.
Find the names of numbers. 5.
Practice the dialogue of asking and answering about numbers.
6. Count the animals.
62
Table 6 continued
No Topics
Achievement Indicators
4. Shape and Color
The students are able to: 1.
Sing a song about color. 2.
Mention the names of shape and color correctly.
3. Pronounce the names of shape and color
correctly. 4.
Find the names of color 5.
Practice the dialogue of asking and answering about things and color.
6. Color the picture based on the instruction.
5. Days and Months
The students are able to: 1. Sing a song about days.
2. Mention the names of days and months correctly.
3. Pronounce the names of days and months correctly.
4. Find and guess the na mes of days and months.
5. Practice the dialogue of asking and answering about days and months.
6. Find the information about hisher friend birthday.
6. At School
The students are able to: 1. Sing a song about things at school.
2. Mention the names of things at school correctly.
3. Pronounce the names of things at school correctly.
4. Guess the names of things at school. 5. Practice the dialogue of asking and
answering about things at school. 6. Find the information about things at office
and classroom. 7.
Profession The students are able to:
1. Sing a song about profession. 2. Mention about profession correctly.
3. Pronounce about profession correctly. 4. Guess the names of profession.
5. Practice the dialogue of asking and
answering about profession. 6. Find the information about hisher parents’
profession.
63
Table 6 continued
No Topics
Achievement Indicators
8. At home
The students are able to: 1. Sing a song about things at home.
2. Mention the names of things at home correctly.
3. Pronounce the names of things at home correctly.
4. Find the names of things at home. 5. Practice the dialogue of asking and answering
about things at home. 6. Find the information about things at home in
a right place.
5. Teaching and Learning Activities and Instructional Resources
