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Howard Gardner items were provisional. The first two are ones that have been typically valued in schools, the next three are usually associated with the arts, and the
final two are personal intelligences.
b. Characteristics of Learner based on Multiple Intelligences Theory
After knowing the types of Multiple Intelligences, the writer also needs to know the characteristics of a person who has these intelligences. This study is important to
know the characteristics of the learner based on their intelligence. Campbell and Dickinson in their book Teaching and Learning through Multiple Intelligences 1996:
4-196 classify the characteristics of Multiple Intelligences. 1
Linguistic Intelligence A person with well-developed verbal- linguistic intelligence is able to listen and
respond to the sound, rhythm, color, and variety of the spoken word. Then, heshe will imitate sounds, language, reading, and writing of others. Heshe usually learns
effectively through listening, reading, writing, and discussing. It is easier for himher to learn other languages because they use listening, speaking, writing, and reading to
remember, communicate, discuss, explain, persuade, create knowledge, construct meaning, and reflect upon language itself Campbell and Dickinson, 1996: 4.
2 Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
A person with well-developed logical- mathematical intelligence always uses reason, logic and numbers. Heshe enjoys cutting and quickly learn how to add,
subtract, multiply and divide. Heshe also uses abstract symbols to represent concrete objects and concepts and demonstrate skill at logical problem-solving Campbell and
Dickinson, 1996: 35.
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3 Musical Intelligence
According to Campbell and Dickinson 1996: 135, an individual with a well- developed musical intelligence most likely listens and responds with interest to a
variety of sounds including the human voice, environmental sounds, and music, and organizes such sounds into meaningful patterns. Therefore, heshe enjoys and seeks
out opportunities to hear music or environmental sounds in the learning environment. Heshe usually develops the ability to sing andor play an instrument alone or with
others by using notations of music. 4
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence A learner with a highly-developed bodily-kinesthetic intelligence learns through
movement, body language, touch, and talk. Heshe prefers to touch, handle, or manip ulate what is to be learned. The learner is interested in learning concrete
experiences such as field trips, model building, or participating in role play, games, assembling objects, or physical exercise Campbell and Dickinson, 1996: 68.
5 Spatial Intelligence According to Campbell and Dickinson 1996: 97, a person with well-developed
visual-spatial intelligence usually learns by seeing and observing. Heshe can recognize faces, objects, shapes, colors, details, and scenes. Heshe perceives and
produces mental imagery, think in pictures, and visualize detail. For that reason, heshe enjoys drawing, painting, sculpting, or otherwise reproducing objects in visible
forms. 6 Interpersonal Intelligence
A learner who possesses and develops this intelligence has a good relationship with parents and interact with others. Moreover, heshe recognizes and uses a variety
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of ways to relate to others. Heshe also perceives the feelings, thoughts, motivations, behaviors, and lifestyles of others Campbell and Dickinson, 1996: 160.
7 Intrapersonal Intelligence Campbell and Dickinson 1996: 196 provide the following list of characteristics
that are possessed by a person with a highly developed intrapersonal intelligence is aware of his range of emotions. Heshe can find approaches and outlets to express his
feelings and thoughts. Heshe develops an accurate model of self and motivated to identify and pursue goals. Thus, heshe usually works independently. Heshe
is curious to think about the big questions in life: meaning, relevance, and purpose. 8 Naturalist Intelligence
A child who has naturalist intelligence enjoy collecting, observing and noticing things related to nature such as flowers, plants, animals, weather, and interact with
surrounding. Heshe also likes to examine something particular in nature such as plants, animals, flowers and learns about it in details. Furthermore, watching natural
phenomenon like the stars, moon, and obtaining detailed information about it are activities heshe is interested in.
The descriptions above can be helpful to identify basic personal characteristics, traits, behaviors, and preferences for each of the eight intelligences. However, it is
important to remember that each person has all the intelligences but in different level of intelligences. Each person has a unique profile and has hisher own way to learn.
Every child may be very strong in one or two intelligences, medium in a few, and perhaps weak or empty not yet filled in one or two. The important thing is to identify
and build on one’s strengths to modify and increase the less developed intelligences in each person.
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Objective
Linguistic:
How to involve the students to listen, speak, read and write
Logical mathematical
: How to introduce
numbers, logic, classification or
critical thought
Musical:
How to involve music, sound,
rhyme or melody
in the lesson
Interpersonal:
How to involve the students to socialize with their friends
Spatial:
How to use pictures, colors
, art or
other visual tools
Naturalistic:
How to involve the nature or ecosystem
in the lesson
Intrapersonal:
How to awaken the students’ imagination
,
personal feeling or experience
Bodily kinesthetic:
How to involve the students to move or
use their body
c. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Planning in the Classroom
