Conducting a Needs Survey

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

There will be four points to be discussed in this chapter. The first point describes the elaboration of the steps for designing English instructional materials. The second point describes the findings of the designed materials evaluation. The third point presents the discussion. Then, the last presents the designed set of materials.

A. The Elaboration of the Steps for Designing a Set of English Instructional

Materials Incorporating Multiple Intelligences Theory for the Fourth Grade Students of SDN UNGARAN II Yogyakarta The elaboration of the steps in the designed materials is the answer to the first question in the problem formulation. The detailed explanation about the elaboration of the steps in the designed materials gives a clear description of how a set of English instructional materials incorporating Multiple Intelligences theory for the fourth grade students of elementary school was designed. In the entire process, the writer carried out seven steps. Each step is clarified as follows.

1. Conducting a Needs Survey

The first step is conducting the needs survey. It is very important to know the students’ needs and interests, especially in learning English as the second language. The data of the needs survey were obtained by distributing a questionnaire to the fourth grade students of elementary school of SDN UNGARAN II Yo gyakarta and conducting an interview with one English teacher of SDN UNGARAN II Yogyakarta. 51 52 A questionnaire was distributed to class 4A. There were 36 students in class 4A. The results of the questionnaire can be seen in Table 3. Table 3 The Results of the Needs Survey No Questions x N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Are you interested in learning English? a. Yes b. No Do you find difficulty in learning English? a. Yes b. No If your answer in the question number 3 is yes, what is your reason? a. The lack of vocabulary b. The activities are monotonous c. The lack of time allocation to use various activities d. The topic are not interesting What are your expected situations in learning English? a. Serious b. Relaxed c. Enjoyable In your opinion, does your learning English skills that you have received such as listening, reading, writing, and also speaking help you to improve your ability in English? a. Yes b. No Are you interested in learning English using various activities? a. Yes b. No Choose your expected media that will improve your ability in learning English? you may choose more than one 19 17 31 5 26 2 3 2 21 13 35 1 26 10 52.7 47.2 86.1 13.8 83.8 6.4 9.6 5.5 58.3 36.1 97.2 2.7 72.2 27.7 53 Table 3 continued No Questions x N 8. 9. a. Picture b. Map c. Cards d. Tape recorder and cassette e. Drawing equipments crayon, marker, coloring pencil What kinds of activities do you like? you may choose more than one a. I like to play puzzle. b. I like to arrange and write the words crosswords. c. I like to sing a song. d. I like to see natural environment plants, animals, flowers, etc. e. I like to move my body through games jump, run and walk. f. I like to see pictures and try to mention the things inside the pictures. g. I like to count the objects. h. I like doing the activities with friends. i. I like to work alone. Choose your expected topics that you want to learn a. Animals It is a bird b. Fruits I like an apple c. Number let’s count d. Job he is a doctor e. At home The sofa is in the living room f. Alphabet and Spelling How do you spell it? g. Shape and color What color is it? h. At school This is my school i. Parts of the body My body j. Days and months What day is it today? k. Greeting Good morning 19 3 14 10 20 18 12 18 10 13 17 1 2 2 31 26 23 17 15 11 22 17 13 20 7 52.7 8.3 38.8 27.7 55.5 50 33.3 50 27.7 36.1 47.2 2.7 52.7 5.5 86.1 72.2 63.8 47.2 41.6 30.5 61.1 47.2 36.1 55.5 47.2 Note: x : The number of the students who choose a certain answer n : The total number of the respondents 36 students 54 N: The percentage of expected opinion from the students Based on the results of the questionnaire presented in Table 3, the writer summarized the students’ opinions on the ten questions. First, the writer asked the students whether they were interested in learning English or not. The result showed that 52.7 of the students were interested in learning English although 47.2 of the students were not interested in learning English. Furthermore, the writer asked the students whether they had difficulty in learning English or not. The results of the data showed that 86.1 of the students still found difficulty in learning English and only 13.8 of the students rarely found difficulty in learning English. From the above data, most of the students found difficulty in learning English. Then, the writer asked why they found difficulty in learning English. There were 83.8 of the students who did not master vocabulary well. However, only 6.4 of the students believed that the activities are monotonous. Nobody said that the allocation of the time was not enough to do the activities. Moreover, there were also 9.6 of the students who found that the topics were not interesting. The writer asked the students about the learning situations that they expected. The results of the questionnaires showed that only 5.5 of the students expected serious situations in learning English. However, 58.3 of the students expected relaxed situations and 36.1 of the students expected enjoyable situations. From the above data, the writer summarized that most of the students liked relaxed and enjoyable situations in learning English. The writer asked the students whether their learning English skills such as 55 listening, reading, writing, and also speaking helped them improve their ability in English or not. There were 97.2 of the students who believed that their learning English skills helped them in improving their ability. Only 2.7 of the students did not believe it. The writer asked the students whether they were interested in learning English by using various activities. There were 72.2 of the students who believed that they were interested in learning English using various activities. However, 27.7 of the students did not believe that using various activities can improve their interest in learning. The writer asked the students about the media they liked in learning English. From the data obtained, it can be seen that 52.7 of the students liked to use pictures, while 38.8 of the students liked to use cards, then 27.7 of the students liked to use tape recorder. The last, 55.5 of the students liked to use drawing equipments. The writer asked the students about the activities they liked. The results of the questionnaire showed that 50 of the students liked to play puzzle. Doing crosswords arrange and write the words was expected by 33.3 of the students. Singing a song was expected by 50 of the students. Observing the natural environment such as animals, plants, and flowers was expected by 27.7 of the students. Moving their body such as jumping, running, and walking through games was expected by 36.1 of the students. Seeing the pictures and mentioning the things inside the pictures were expected by 47.2 of the students. Only 2.7 of the students expected counting the objects. While 52.7 of the students expected doing the activities with friends and 5.5 of the students expected working alone. From the data above, the writer concluded the top eight topics that were chosen 56 by the students. Those chosen topics were animals, fruits, number, shape and color, days and months, at school, job and at home. Moreover, the results of the needs survey also conducted an interview with an English teacher to obtain some important information that was not covered in the questionnaire. The results of the interview were presented in Table 4. Table 4 The Results of the Interview No Case Responses 1. The characteristics of the fourth grade students in the elementary school. Curious and active, but the students often feel bored with the same activities without any variations. 2. The students’ ability in learning English. Generally, the students learn English well although in simple and passive English. 3. How many times a week are the students learning English. Once a week for eighty minutes 2x40’. 4. Whether the students are interested in learning English Most of the students are interested in learning English. However, few of disabled learning have difficulties in learning English. 5. Whether the students find difficulties or problems in learning English. Most of them have difficulties to memorize the vocabulary. 6. The way to solve their problems. Although it is very difficult to solve but the teacher gives the activities in pairs, so that the clever student can help the disabled student. 7. Whether the activities are effective or not to improve students’ skill speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Every meeting uses a blackboard to write. Listening is held in laboratory and asks the students to fill the passage or listen to song. Survey class activity is used to encourage them to speak. Moreover, there is IBM Kids Smart multimedia that 57 Table 4 continued No Case Responses really supports the students in learning. Furthermore, the teacher gives various games to them. 8. The student’ reaction to follow the activities. The students are very happy and interested in following the activities. 9. The activities that are used to improve the students’ skill but have not been used in your class. • Learning English outside the classroom. • English corner: the students will be free in learning English. They will learn in what they want to know. This room also provides dictionaries, story book, pictures to support the learning process 10. Whether the teacher uses particular materials to improve the students’ skill. Using “Grow with English” as book guidance and also IBM Kids Smart. 11. If yes, whether the materials effective are or not to help the students in learning English. Yes, the purpose of learning English in the elementary school is to increase students’ motivation. Hopefully, in the next level Junior High School they will be ready to learn English. 12. Whether the students have the same interests and talents in learning English. Of course not, they are different from each other. They have their own interests and talents. 13. If not, the teaching activities that the teachers use to teach English. Giving various activities such as song, games, drawing. 14. The teacher’ opinions about the use of various activities that are incorporating with Multiple Intelligences in learning English. Good, because it will help the students to develop their intelligence so that the use of various activities will avoid boredom in learning English. 15. The media that are used to support learning activities. Using pictures, cards, songs. 58 Based on the interview result, the writer found out the information that would be used to identify the students’ needs. The writer concluded that the students have different strengths and interests. The students learn English in different ways. Therefore, the students like to learn English with various activities. The activity has its own function in developing the student’s intelligences.

2. Stating Goals, Topics, and General Purposes a. Goals