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1. Instructional Design
Kemp 1977 defines instructional design as the development of the overall plan incorporating, the interrelated parts of an instructional process in sequential
pattern. Moreover, Banathy 1976 explains that instructional design as the interaction between the learner and his environment through with the learner is
making progress toward the attainment of specific and proposed knowledge, skills and attitude.
In this study, the instructional design is defined as the whole process of designing the listening materials and all activities presented on the instructional
materials. The instructional design will include the method, strategy, and approach, which are gathered in the syllabus.
2. Instructional Listening Materials
Instructional material is a set of unit, which is used by teachers or instructors and learners as the focus of discussion in the teaching-learning process Gebhard,
2000. Moreover, listening material means a set of materials used to train students’ ability in listening skill.
In this study, the listening materials refer to authentic materials, which are addapted from the mass media, such as televisions, radio, newspapers, magazines,
internet, or even the recording of native speech.
3. Authentic Materials
Authentic materials are materials that have been produced to fulfill some social purposes in the language community Peacock, 1997. The term does not only
7 refer to newspaper and magazine articles, but can also encompass such things as
songs, web pages, radio TV broadcasts, films, leaflets, flyers, posters, indeed anything written in the target language and used unedited in the classroom.
The authentic materials used in this study will include the auditory and visual materials, such as news, songs, radio news, movie, or even the recording of native
speaker’s speech.
4. Vocational High School