Method of Study METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer would discuss the method used in order to design a set of English instructional listening materials for the first grade students of tourism department in vocational high school. This chapter would be divided into six basic points: method, respondents, setting, instruments, data gathering technique, and data analysis.

A. Method of Study

This study employed research and development R D method since it consisted of a cycle process of designing a set of instructional materials in which a version of the product is developed, field-tested, and revised on the basis of field-test data Borg, 1983. The writer adapted four of ten major steps and modified one of ten major steps in the R D cycle promoted by Borg 1983 in order to design the materials. Those four steps were research and information collecting step 1, planning step 2, developing preliminary form of product step 3, and main product revision step 5. The writer modified the preliminary field testing into evaluation as the step 5. Thus, there were five steps done in order to design a set of materials, i.e. research and information collecting, planning, developing preliminary form of product, evaluation, and main product revision. Research and information collecting was intended to derive data in order to know the description of the people, events, opinions, attitudes and environment. It 29 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 30 was conducted as the needs survey as it was the first step in designing a set of materials. The data was derived from direct observation, written opinions or from public documents. Research and information collecting was done by spreading out questionnaires to English teachers of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta in order to find out the expectation of learning English in this school and the first semester students of the first grade of tourism department on SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. This study was concerned with the opinions of those students about what kind of materials they need and they want. Based on this, the writer then proposed and developed a set of English instructional materials. The opinions from the English teachers and the students were used as a basis to revise the materials into a better design. Having conducted the research and information collecting, the writer did the second step of R D cycle, which was planning. In this step, the writer set the goal, decide the topics which are suitable for the students’ needs and interests, and formulate the objectives that the students are expected to accomplish, which furthermore were stated in syllabus. The syllabus, which was the second step in designing a set of materials was designed during this planning step. Thus, the planning step consisted of formulating goal, topics, and objectives and designing syllabus. Then, the writer developed preliminary form of product. In this step, the writer did the fourth step of designing a set of materials, that was designing materials. This step included preparing a set of English instructional listening materials based on the data gathered from the survey, completing the prepared instructional materials into handbook, and creating evaluation devices. 31 The fourth step conducted by the writer was evaluation. In this step, the writer conducted a survey in order to obtain evaluation and to gain feedback on the designed set materials. It was done as the fifth step of designing a set of materials, that was evaluation. Finally, the last step taken was main product revision. In this step, the writer made revision on the designed materials based on the evaluation obtained in the fourth step so that the final revision of materials was set. The last step of designing a set of materials, that was revising was included in this step.

B. Respondents