Sociolinguists believe that the study of language must go beyond the sentences that are the principal focus of descriptive and theoretical linguistics. It must go beyond language
and bring in social context. It must deal with the ‘real’ texts that make up human communication and the social situations in which they are used. The focus of attention shifts
from sentence to the act of communication Bernard Spolsky, 1998:14.
3.2 Data and Data Source
In writing this thesis, the data is taken from http:www.youtube.comresults on Oktober 2012. Actually, Talk Show Hitam Putih is in Television in Trans7 everyday at six
p.m. But, the writer couldn’t catch all of the conversation from Television directly. Therefore, the writer was looking for the document from video youtube. It is video youtube conversation
between Deddy Corbuzier as a host and Nadya Hutagalung as celebrity guest in Talk Show Hitam Putih On 2
nd
Oktober 2012. The video has duration about fifty minutes. The writer listens to the conversation well, and then the writer transcribes the conversation into a script.
A script of the conversation between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung is the data in this thesis. The data is only focused on all sentences which consist of utterances between
Deddy Corbuzier as a host and Nadya Hutagalung as a celebrity guest, especially Code Switching and Code Mixing.
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The data were gathered by using documentary technique. The document is conversation between Deddy Corbuzier as a host and Nadya Hutagalung as a celebrity guest
in Talk Show Hitam Putih on 2
nd
October 2012. The document was selected from Talk Show
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Hitam Putih Trans7 episode celebrity guest Nadya Hutagalung on 2
nd
October 2012 which duration about fifity minutes. Then the document was downloaded from video youtube. After
that, the writer watched the video youtube and listened carefully the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hitagalung. After understanding the utterances, all sentences
which consist of Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung utterance is written down into a cript. A script is the data which is used in this thesis.
3.4 Data Analysis
Miles and Huberman 1994:94 suggest that qualitative data analysis consists of three
procedures: 1. Data reduction
This refers to the process whereby the mass of qualitative data you may obtain – interview transcripts, field notes, observations etc. – is reduced and organised, for example
coding, writing summaries, discarding irrelevant data and so on. At this stage, try and discard all irrelevant information, but do ensure that you have access
to it later if required, as unexpected findings may need you to re-examine some data previously considered unnecessary.
In this procedure, there are some steps. They are: -
Writing all of the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier as a host and Nadya Hutagalung as a celebrity guest in Talk Show Hitam Putih Trans7 on 2
nd
October 2012.
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- Identifying the utterance which is needed and important in analyzing two kinds of
code switching; situational code switching and metaphorical code switching -
Identifying the utterance which is needed and important in analyzing two kinds of code mixing; inter-sentential code mixing and intra-sentential code mixing.
2. Data display
To draw conclusions from the mass of data, Miles and Huberman suggest that a good display of data, in the form of tables, charts, networks and other graphical formats is
essential. This is a continual process, rather than just one to be carried out at the end of the data collection.
In this second procedure, the writer does some steps that namely: -
Classifying the type of code switching and code mixing of their utterances -
Calculating the type of code switching and code mixing which is used by Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung.
To count the percentage of the data, this thesis uses Bungin’s formula Bungin, 2005:171-172, that is:
In which : n
= percentage of code Fx
= individual frequency of N
= total number 100 = standard percentage
n = Fx x100
N
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3. Conclusion drawingverification
Your analysis should allow you to begin to develop conclusions regarding your study. These initial conclusions can then be verified, that is their validity examined through
reference to your existing field notes or further data collection
In this procedure, the writer does some steps including: -
Drawing some calculations using descriptive qualitative method based on the results -
Describing the factors that influence Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung in choosing code switching and code mixing
- Describing interference that appears because of code switching and code mixing.
In analyzing Code Switching can be seen below: 1.
Deddy : Gimana caranya 38 tahun. You still have that face. Bisa kulitnya bisa putih, bisa cantik, rahasianya apa?
Nadya : I look up for myself, yah. Dan selalu makan sehat. Sekitar like 80
vegetarian Deddy : 80 vegetarian?
Nadya : about eighty percent
Analysis:
The statement from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia,
and then continues in English, and then Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya also uses English ‘I look up for myself”
to answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia
because Deddy as a host gives a question that consists of English and Bahasa Indonesia. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to
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the Norm of Interaction factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh,
when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different
one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
2. Deddy : Juice vegetable. Banyak tu masyarakat yang mengatakan bahwa model tu
cuma menang tampang doank. Tapi, mostly they are uneducated seperti itu. Ada tidak
orang orang yang, pernah tidak mendengar kata-kata itu
Nadya : Ya, ofcourse Deddy : Ya
Nadya : Ya, of course. But you can’t generalize, right. Lihat aja tyra banks, yang she is a founder of American Next Top Model
. She just colleges business degree, ya kan. Aku juga, I left school when I was very young.
Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia, and then he change into English in the middle to emphasize that this statement is very sensitive
and very important to be answered. And Nadya answer the question clearly using
English ‘but you can’t generalize’, ‘she is a founder of American Next Top Model’, ‘She just colleges business degree’, ‘I left school when I was very young.’
Nadya Hutagalung changes the topic at the end of her statement. She changes the topic more sensitively. It is about her life, her privacy. According to Dell Hyme, it is
regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more
important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is included
into Metaphorical Switching.
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In analyzing Code Mixing can be seen below: 1.
Deddy
: Gimana caranya 38 tahun. You still have that face. Bisa kulitnya
bisa putih, bisa cantik, rahasianya apa?
Analysis :
Deddy Corbuzier uses Bahasa Indonesia at the beginning his utterances, and in the middle he uses English, after that he uses Bahasa Indonesia. Such as the data
before, when a speaker mixes his utterances between sentences, this utterance is included into Inter-sentential Code Mixing
2. Deddy
: Enggak kan. Ok Nadya. So, nadya. Umur berapa? Analysis:
Deddy Corbuzier uses Bahasa Indonesia at the beginning his utterances, and in the middle he uses English word, after that he uses Bahasa Indonesia. Such as the data
before, when a speaker mixes his utterances within a single sentence, this utterance is included into Intra-sentential Code Mixing
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CHAPTER IV DESCRIPTION AND FINDING
After transcribe all of the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier as a host and Nadya Hutagalung as a celebrity guest in Talk Show Hitam Putih Trans7 on 2
nd
October 2012. The writer focus on the utterances that needed and important to be analyzed as code switching and
code mixing. The writer classifies the utterances that aren’t needed and needed in this thesis. The witer only focuses on the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung.
Based on the research objections, the writer is going to discuss some problems, they are; i the type of code switching and code mixing is dominantly used in Hitam Putih Talk
Show, ii the factors that influence Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung switch and mix their utterances, iii the interference form that appears in in Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya
Hutagalung utterances. The writer uses boldface in every utterances that shows code switching, code mixing
and interference that appear in each suitable subtitle.
4.1 DESCRIPTION 4.1.1 Kinds of Code Switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7
As presented in chapter II, there are two kinds of code switching according to Wardaugh; 1 Situational Switching and 2 Methaporical Switching. Every data has been
analyzed which of the two kinds used dominantly in conversation between Deddy Corbuzier
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and Nadya Hutagalung in Hitam Putih Talk Show on 2
nd
October 2012. The writer is going to give the discussion of each type code switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7.
1. Situational Code Switching
This kind of code switching occurs when the language used change according to the situations in which the conversant find themselves; they speak one language in one situation
and in a different one. No topic change is involved. There are utterances that belongs to
situational code switching, they are 1.
Deddy : Gimana caranya 38 tahun. You still have that face. Bisa kulitnya bisa putih, bisa cantik, rahasianya apa?
Nadya : I look up for myself, yah. Dan selalu makan sehat. Sekitar like 80
vegetarian, Deddy : 80 vegetarian?
Nadya : about eighty percent
Analysis:
The statement from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia, and then
continues in English, and then Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya also uses English ‘I look up for myself”
to answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a
question that consists of English and Bahasa Indonesia. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya
switches her utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction factor. Such as the data before,
according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into
Situational Switching.
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2.
Deddy : You left school? Nadya : I left school. Waktu umur 12 atau 13 udah gak sekolah lagi. Tapi, I still
survive . Dua recommend itu buat semua orang gak juga. Tapi, it doesn’t mean that
if you are model you don’t have anything inside Analysis:
The question from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘You left school’. Then Nadya also uses English ‘I left school’, ‘I still survive’, ‘it doesn’t mean that if you
are model you don’t have anything inside’ to answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya
change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question in English. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya
switches her utterances in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data before,
according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into
Situational Switching. 3.
Deddy : Ketika anda menjadi model diatas panggung, anda berdiri anda melihat semua penonton yang melihat diri anda disana in any kind of pakaian yang anda pakai
dari itu anggun, seksi, whatever ya. What do you feel? Nadya : Actually nervous ya,,
Analysis:
The statement from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Then
Deddy uses English ‘What do you feel?’ to ask Nadya. After that Nadya also uses English ‘Actually nervous’
to answer deddy’s question. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya
switches her utterances in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data before,
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according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into
Situational Switching. 4.
Deddy : Saya akan bertanya sama Nadya. I ask a question, firstly I ask the question and you answer it. Choose one of two choices
. Nadya hutagalaung, I use word “saya
means you”. Ok Nadya : Ok.
Analysis:
The statement from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Then
Deddy uses English ‘I ask a question, firstly I ask the question and you answer it. Choose one of two choices
’ to make sure that Nadya understand what Deddy suggests. Nadya is not Indonesian citizen, therefore Deddy worried Nadya can’t understand his utterances if he uses
Bahasa Indonesia. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Deddy switches his utterances in regard to
the Participants factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the
participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic
change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching. 5.
Deddy : Nadya hutagalung, sebelum tidur biasanya saya selalu memikirkan? Nadya : Something beautiful. Try to make a motivation for tomorrow
Analysis:
The question from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘Something beautiful. Try to make a motivation for tomorrow’ to answer
deddy’s question. Nadya more comfortable using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question
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from a host as well as her ability in answer it. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches
her utterances in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data before, according to
Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a
different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
6. Deddy : Saya lebih baik di blacklist oleh media semuanya dibandingkan?
Nadya : I don’t have my kids Analysis:
The question from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘I don’t have my kids’ to answer deddy’s question. Nadya more comfortable
using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question from a host as well as her ability in answer it.
Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Participants
factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this
utterance is included into Situational Switching. 7.
Deddy : Ayah atau Ibu?
Nadya : Oh jangan gitu donk
Deddy : You can create your own explanation Nadya : I can create my own explanation?
Deddy : Yes, answer it and explain Nadya : I will take my mom in the kitchen to cook dinner for my dad. So this
mom
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Analysis:
The question from Deddy to Nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya answers the question using Bahasa Indonesia too. And then, Deddy responds her statement using English
‘you can create your own explanation’. In responding Deddy statement, Nadya uses English ‘I can create my own explanation?’. Deddy also uses English ‘Yes, answer it and
explain’. At the end, Nadya can answer the question using English ‘I will take my mom in
the kitchen to cook dinner for my dad. So this mom’. Based on Dell Hymes theory,
Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction factor. Such as the data
before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into
Situational Switching. 8.
Deddy : Jujur atau aman?
Nadya : Jujur Deddy : Jujur? Kalaupun tidak aman?
Nadya : Well, it is truth Analysis:
The question from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘Well, it is truth’ to answer deddy’s question. Nadya more comfortable using
English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question from a host as well as her ability in answer it.
Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Participants
factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this
utterance is included into Situational Switching.
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9. Deddy :Anak marah marah atau suami marah marah?
Nadya : Anak. Maksudnya, do prefer my kids angry and then happy. My kids lah Analysis:
The question from deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya answer the question uses Bahasa Indonesia. But, in the middle of her utterance she uses
English ‘do prefer my kids angry and then happy. ‘ to make sure herself that her answer is
right. Nadya more comfortable using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question from a host as
well as her ability in answer it. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances
in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when
the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic
change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
10.
Deddy : OK. Nadya hutagalung, there is one question I want to ask you here. Why you choose jail
Nadya : Kesehatan gak bisa dibeli. Kadang kadang, walupun even if kita
sangat kaya. Kalo kita kena cancer ato apapun, we can not buy it. Maksudku, bukan
berarti di penjara kita bisa membeli. We can buy it. At list, in jail kita masih bisa belajar, bisa baca buku. We can on our mind atau bisa meditasi.
Analysis: The statement from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘there is one
question I want to ask you here. Why you choose jail?’
And then Nadya answer the question using Bahasa Indonesia, because Nadya realizes that she is in a Talk Show. She
must answer all of questions even personal and sensitive question and then the audiences can
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understand her answer. In the middle of her utterances, Nadya uses English’ we can buy it’, ‘we can on our mind’ to make sure that the audiences understand what she means. Based on
Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Setting factor. Such as
the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is
included into Situational Switching. 11.
Deddy : Because you different? Nadya : “I look that they said “you Chinese person go home, you Japanese
person go home.” Padahal gak tau kan Chinese Japanese gitu ya. But you know
what actually I become stronger; I become tough kid in school. Walaupun aq kan
kurus not to tough, inside is scared tapi diluarnya jadi gini ya tough kid, tough kid. So anyway it makes me stronger.
Analysis: The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘Because you
different?’ Nadya also uses English ‘I look that they said you Chinese person go home,
you Japanese person go home.’ , ‘But you know what actually I become stronger, I
become tough kid in school’, ‘So anyway it makes me stronger’ to answer deddy’s
question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question that consists of
English. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction
factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is
involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching. 12.
Deddy : Can be beautiful things?
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Nadya : Kalo saya liat sekarang ya, kebanyakan orang yang selalu mengejek aku,
eh… what do they become? What are they become now? So, the most important that you look after ownself.
Kalo orang lain bilang apa terserah Analysis:
The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘Can be beautiful things?’
Nadya also uses English ‘what do they become? What are they become now? So, the most important that you look after ownself.’
to answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa
Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question that consists of English. Based on Dell
Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction factor.
Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is
included into Situational Switching. 13.
Deddy : No? Why?
Nadya : I don’t think so. I think I don’t think anybody is beautiful. If you
ask somebody honestly selalu ada kekurangan apa gitu. Kurang PD ato kurang apa.
Tapi menurut saya sich yang penting happy Analysis:
The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘No? Why?’ Nadya also uses English ‘I don’t think so. I think I don’t think anybody is beautiful’ to answer
deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question that consists of
English. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Norm
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of Interaction factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants
speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is
involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching. 14.
Deddy : Ok. Ini langsung saya mau tanya karna saya penasaran. Ternyata saya baru
tau tu, baru ditulis. Ternyata nama anda adalah Nadya Yuti Hutagalung. Where is the yuti go on?
Nadya : The yuti is still there. Itu kan masih ada. Di passport masih ada Analysis:
The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Then
Deddy changes her utterances into English ‘Where is the yuti go on?’. Then Nadya also uses English ‘The yuti is still there’ to answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her
utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya uses both English and Bahasa Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question in English. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches
her utterances in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data before, according to
Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a
different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
15. Deddy : Kenapa gak menggunakan nama yuti hutagalung?
Nadya : I just make it easy. Kan diluar menggunakan nadya hutagalung aja
kan sudah susah. Kalo ditambah yuti nya orang kan,,,ckckckckck. Kalo sebut nama saya diluar negri Nadya hhuuueeetagalunng.
Analysis:
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The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘I just make it easy’ to answer Deddy’s question. Nadya more comfortable
using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Then Nadya changes her utterances using Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to
answer the question from a host as well as her ability in answer it. Based on Dell Hymes
theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Participants factor. Such as the data
before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into
Situational Switching.
16. Deddy : Yuti itu dapat dari mana?
Nadya : Ask my dad. My dad Analysis:
The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘Ask my dad. My dad’, to answer Deddy’s question. Nadya more comfortable
using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question from a host as well as her ability in answer it.
Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Participants
factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic change is involved. So, this
utterance is included into Situational Switching. 17.
Deddy : Nadya, there is someone want to meet you. I think want to talk to you
Nadya : Ok Deddy : Boleh dipanggil?
Nadya : Always you. It’s always you
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Izabel : Kenapa sich? Analysis:
The statement from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses English ‘there is someone want to meet you. I think want to talk to you
’. And then Nadya answer the question using Bahasa Indonesia. After that Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia because he really know that the
celebrity guest, Izabel Yahya is Indonesian citizen. When Izabel Yahya comes in studio,
Nadya talks to Izabel using English ‘always you. It’s always you’. It is because Izabel is
Nadya’s best friend in Singapore. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her
utterances in regard to the Participant factor. Such as the data before, according to
Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a
different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
18. Deddy : Owh, tadi Singapore. So cute your baju lah. Tunggu dulu, Ini siapa?
Mengapa? Nadya : I don’t know. She is just a girl.
Analysis:
The question from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses English ‘I don’t know. She is just a girl.’to answer deddy’s question. Nadya more
comfortable using English to answer Deddy question even thought Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer the question from a host as well as her
ability in answer it. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to
the Participants factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the
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participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic
change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching. 19.
Deddy : Pasti. Kalo tidak pernah jatuh, tidak pernah naik. Kalo tidak pernah susah tidak pernah merasakan happy. Dan nadya ini nominasi green awards 2012, ada
George cloudy disana Petronal petrus juga. What is that? Nadya : International greens awards are Oscars of Green. Itu semua di bidangnya,
bukan Cuma di entertainment, Analysis:
The statement from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia, and then
continues in English ‘What is that?’ at the end his utterances. Nadya also uses English ‘to
answer deddy’s question. And then Nadya change her utterance in Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya
uses both English ‘International greens awards are Oscars of Green’ and Bahasa
Indonesia because Deddy as a host gives a question that consists of English and Bahasa
Indonesia. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction
factor. Such as the data before, according to Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a different one; no topic
change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
20. Deddy : Owh, tanpa chlorine yang baunya khas banget itu ya. Dan sekarang kalau
kita nanya ke masyarakat misalnya. Kan yang sadar akan lingkungan ini gak banyak kan sebenarnya. Gimana caranya supaya masyarakat bisa mulai sadar?
Nadya : Keep talking about it,
Deddy : Keep talking about it ya
Nadya : Ngomong terus ya
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Analysis:
The statement from Deddy corbuzier to nadya above, Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia. And
then Nadya answers the question using English ‘Keep talking about it’. Because of that, Deddy also uses English ‘Keep talking about it’ in responding Nadya statement. Finally, at
the end Nadya uses Bahasa Indonesia. Based on Dell Hymes theory, Nadya switches her
utterances in regard to the Norm of Interaction factor. Such as the data before, according to
Wardaugh, when the participants speak one language in one situation and change in a
different one; no topic change is involved. So, this utterance is included into Situational Switching.
21. Metaphorical Code Switching
This kind of code switching occurs when a change of topic requires a change in the language used. The interesting point here is that some topics may be discussed in either code,
but the choice of code adds a distinct flavor to what is said about the topic. The choice encodes certain social values. Metaphorical code-switching has an affective dimension to it:
you change the code as you redefine the situation – formal to informal, official to personal, serious to humorous, and politeness to solidarity. There are utterances that belong to
metaphorical switching, they are: 1.
Deddy : Juice vegetable. Banyak tu masyarakat yang mengatakan bahwa model tu cuma menang tampang doank. Tapi, mostly they are uneducated seperti itu. Ada tidak
orang orang yang, pernah tidak mendengar kata-kata itu Nadya : Ya, ofcourse
Deddy : Ya
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Nadya : Ya, of course. But you can’t generalize, right. Lihat aja tyra banks, yang she is a founder of American Next Top Model
. She just colleges business degree, ya kan. Aku juga, I left school when I was very young.
Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia, and then he change into English in the middle to emphasize that this statement is very sensitive and very
important to be answered. And Nadya answer the question clearly using English ‘but you can’t generalize’, ‘she is a founder of American Next Top Model’, ‘She just colleges
business degree’, ‘I left school when I was very young.’
Nadya Hutagalung changes the topic at the end of her statement. She changes the topic more sensitively. It is about her life,
her privacy. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data before,
when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So,
this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching. 2.
Deddy : Does it needed. Means sebagai seorang model atau apapun, does the brain needed there, for working there. In that industry?
Nadya : I think there are some aspects you need to be carefull. Ada beberapa hal yang kita harus with to be carefull gitu ya. So, it is important to be a lot of be smart,
street smart ya. Tapi book smart sich actually many for first standing and posing.
Honestly of course you don’t need it. But for me menurut saya sich, it is important
for any individual, any woman . Harus smart
Analysis: The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from English’ Does it needed’, and then he
changes into Bahasa Indonesia, and changes into English ‘does the brain needed there, for
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working there. In that industry?’ in the middle to emphasize that this statement is very
sensitive and very important to be answered. And Nadya answer the question clearly using
English ‘I think there are some aspects you need to be carefull’, ‘So, it is important to be a lot of be smart, street smart’, ‘Honestly of course you don’t need it.’, ‘it is important
for any individual, any woman.’ Nadya Hutagalung changes the topic at the end of her
statement. She changes the topic from politeness into solidarity. It is about all women who
must be smart. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data
before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language
used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
3. Deddy : Karna ada interview juga abis itu kan? Ada interview juga yang cara
jawabnya harus bisa
Nadya : Bukan Cuma jadi model, tapi kan bisa juga jadi icon, duta apalah. You can grow like that
. Of course everybody can present themselves very well Deddy : Yes, you can grow with that. Kita lihat dulu ini adalah perjalanan karir dari
Nadya hutagalung.
Analysis:
The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. And Nadya answer the question clearly using Bahasa Indonesia. Then at the end of her statements, Nadya
changes her utterances into English ‘You can grow like that, ‘Of course everybody can present themselves very well’
. She changes the topic from politeness into solidarity. After
that, Deddy responses Nadya’s statement using English ‘Yes, you can grow with that’. And
then Deddy changes her utterances using Bahasa Indonesia and changes the topic about
Nadya career. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Act Sequence factor in which
Deddy as a host has full control in Hitam Putih Talk Show. Such as the data before, when a
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change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this
utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching. 4.
Nadya : So for me, I was skinny, skinny, tall, tall, brown hair, brown eyes. Jadi gak dianggap cantik gitu ya. To me it’s a job
Deddy : It is a job? Nadya : It’s a job. It’s of course it is too nice for to be to get a good dress staff, be
beautiful, and have a team to make us feel beautiful. But unfortunately it’s a job
Analysis: The statement from Nadya starts from English ‘So for me, I was skinny, skinny, tall, tall,
brown hair, brown eyes’ . Then Nadya uses Bahasa Indonesia to make sure the audiences
who dominantly Indonesian citizen. After that she uses English ‘To me it’s a job’. Nadya
changes the topic become more individual. It is her principal about her modeling career. To
make sure Nadya statement, Deddy uses English ‘It is a job?’ in asking Nadya. Nadya directly answer deddy’s question using English ‘It’s a job’, ‘It’s of course it is too nice for
to be to get a good dress staff, be beautiful, and have a team to make us feel beautiful’, ’ But unfortunately it’s a job
. It is regard to the Key factor in Dell Hymes’ theory. Such as
the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the
language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching. 5.
Deddy : Nervous? Nadya : Nervous, If you really ask. If you have me standing in the garden in
front of people and pose, ya pasti nervous donk. Saya lebih, I am more comfortable
to talking be a host and standing in front of people than posing . Because kalo
Cuma posing aja, people is thinking what are they thinking ya. Persepsinya apa
gitu
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Deddy : Bisa macam-macam ya, dari baik sampek kotor gitu ya
Nadya :Iya, bisa macam-macam. Analysis:
The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from English’ Nervous?’. And Nadya answer the question clearly using English ‘Nervous, If you really ask. If you have me
standing in the garden in front of people and pose ,’ ‘I am more comfortable to talking
be a host and standing infront of people than posing ’, ‘people is thinking what are they
thinking ya ’. And Nadya change her utterances into Bahasa Indonesia to show her serious
statement about it. Nadya Hutagalung changes the topic solidarity at the end of her statement. She changes the topic more seriously. It is about her feeling when standing and posing in
front of people. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data
before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language
used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
6.
Deddy : Motivation for tomorrow. Sebelum saya meninggal saya ingin? Nadya : Love fully
Deddy : Explain that
Nadya : Gak mau ya nanti kan pas kita meninggal, aduh aku belum minta maaf, aku belum bilang I love you gitu ya. Jadi setiap hari kita harus selesaikan apa saja
Analysis: The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from English ‘Motivation for tomorrow’
in respond Nadya statement before. Then Deddy uses Bahasa Indonesia to ask another
question to Nadya. And Nadya answer the question clearly using English ‘Love fully’. After that Deddy responses Nadya statement in English ‘Explain that’. Nadya changes the topic
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using Bahasa Indonesia from politeness into solidarity in responding Deddy statement.
According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Act Sequence factor in which Deddy as a host
has full control in Hitam Putih Talk Show. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is
included into Metaphorical Switching. 7.
Deddy : Ibu yang baik ato istri yang baik? You have to choose one Nadya : Kalo kita istri yang baik semua ok di rumah. Kids juga happy
Analysis:
The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Then Deddy uses
English ‘You have to choose one’ to emphasize that this question is very important to be
answered by Nadya. And Nadya answers the question clearly using Bahasa Indonesia. Deddy changes the topic using English because the question is very important. According to Dell
Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor in which Deddy as a host must emphasize the most
important question. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic
requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
8. Deddy : Kalau sakit sama aja kayak dipenjara ya. But I make sure lebih baik anak
menangis ato ibu menangis, you choose lebih baik anak menangis. So, what is your mom for you?
Nadya : Menurut saya sich, we have to respect our parents. Apapun yang terjadi dalam hidup kita walaupun ada yang bikin kita sakit hati atau apalah the number one
is parents. Whatever happens .
Deddy : Whatever happens?
Nadya : Moms, dad, It is really important to respect them
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Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Then Deddy uses
English ‘So, what is your mom for you?’ to emphasize that this question is very important
to be answered by Nadya. And Nadya answers the question clearly using Bahasa Indonesia.
Then Nadya changes her utterances into English ‘we have to respect our parents’, ‘the number one is parents. Whatever happens’.
Nadya changes her utterance into English because the topic is more sensitive. It talks about parents who are very important for her.
According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data before, when a
change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this
utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
9. Deddy : Ok. Kalo tadi anda katakan bahwa di Australia itu anda di, bukan dikucilkan,
tapi susah sekali untuk meniti karir di Australia because all of them have blonde, blue eyes and everything. Memang terasa yang seperti itunya?
Nadya : Hmm… Gak terlalu sakitin. Soalnya kan but like I said. Dari dulu kan saya bilang Oh ya, modeling Cuma cari hepeng kan. Orang batak bilang buat cari hepeng.
Cari hepeng pas lagi liburan ya. So I take it just for fun. I don’t take it seriously.
Tapi memang dari waktu kecil selalu diejek
Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya answers the question using Bahasa Indonesia. And, in the middle of her utterances she changes her
utterance into English ‘So I take it just for fun. I don’t take it seriously’ because the topic is more serious about her life and her career. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the
Ends factor. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic
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requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
10. Deddy : Kalo hutagalung itu susah kan. Kenapa gak diganti?
Nadya : Because I am proud, saya bangga jadi orang Indonesia. Saya bangga jadi orang batak. It is my heritage. Itu adalah my darah, kenapa mesti dirubah.
Analysis:
The statement and question from Deddy Corbuzier above uses Bahasa Indonesia. Then
Nadya answers the question using English ‘Because I am proud’, ‘It is my heritage’. Nadya
changes the topic into more seriously, because it is about her heritage. Nadya’s father is from North Sumatera, Bataknese. Hutagalung is her pride. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to
the Ends factor. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic
requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
11. Deddy : Owh, jadi gak mandi seharian
Izabel : Gak mandi seharian kalo gak dirumah
Nadya : I don’t try to understanding our history is going Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Izabel responds Deddy’s statement in Bahasa Indonesia. But Nadya who hears their talking looks ashamed.
He uses English ‘I don’t try to understanding our history is going’ to show it. It is because
Deddy ask Izabel to tell the audiences about Nadya’s bad habit at past.. According to Dell
Hyme, it is regard to the Act Sequences factor. Such as the data before, when a change of
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topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is
included into Metaphorical Switching.
12. Deddy : Apa yang membuat itu. Apa yang membuat anda dulu berapi api dan
sekarang bisa lebih tenang? Izabel
: Dulu masih muda soalnya. Nadya
: Iya masih muda. Dan saya bilang curious ya. I always read books. Dan dulu itu aku belum dapat buat, I always asking question question so not
satisfied ya. And then recently I find what answer for myself. I just feel peaceful.
I can think myself. I’m satisfied. And like you said. My happy, I’m working it. Because I think that happiness is something that we need to be continued.
Analysis:
The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Izabel answers that question in her perception using Bahasa Indonesia. And Nadya answers the question clearly
using Bahasa Indonesia. Then Nadya changes her utterances into English ‘I always read books’, ‘always asking question question so not satisfied
’, ’ And then recently I find what answer for myself. I just feel peaceful. I can think myself. I’m satisfied. And like
you said. My happy, I’m working it. Because I think that happiness is something that we need to be continued’.
Nadya changes her utterance into English because the topic is more sensitive. It talks about her principal in her life. She want everybody there know about her
principal which is good. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the
data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the
language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
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13. Deddy : Ok nadya. Anda memang peduli lingkungan. Dan kalo peduli lingkungan,
kenapa anda harus peduli lingkungan. Sebenarnya pekerjaan anda kan tidak ada
urusannya dengan lingkungan atau you want to create your career
Nadya : Maaf ya, maaf ya. Pekerjaan saya tidak ada hubungannya dengan
lingkungan
Analysis:
The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Then Deddy uses
English ‘you want to create your career’ to emphasize that this question is very important
to be answered by Nadya. And Nadya answers the question clearly using Bahasa Indonesia. Deddy changes the topic using English because the question is very important. According to
Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor in which Deddy as a host must emphasize the most
important question. Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic
requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
14. Nadya : Sejak saya kecil dia tanam sayur sendiri, dia bikin kompos sendiri, dia selalu
bicara tentang pengen living of the green, pengen jadi yang sustainable. Itu kata-kata
yang saya tidak mengerti, waktu kecil kan. OK. Berati maksudnya, you want to make your own bread. I even ask you.
Deddy : Ok Nadya
: So, where you get the flour? Tepungnya dari mana gitu kalo mau self sustainable
Analysis:
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The statement from Nadya above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. But at the end of her statement, Nadya changes the topic into more universal and more serious. Nadya changes her
utterances into English ‘you want to make your own bread. I even ask you.’ Beside that, to make sure the audiences understand what she means, she also uses English ‘Where you get
the flour?’ to responds Deddy. Because she thinks that the topic must be understood by
everybody in studio. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the
data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the
language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
15.
Nadya : And then after I had my first child. Setelah saya jadi ibu
Deddy : Punya anak, Nadya
: I look at the world, if I don’t do something, I feel guilty. So,
lingkungan it’s actually tanggung jawab everybody and affect everybody
Analysis: The statement from Nadya Above starts from English ‘And then after I had my first child’
to emphasize her statement. It is because she advices everybody there to care the environment. Then Nadya changes her utterances into Bahasa Indonesia. After that Deddy
make sure the audiences about Nadya statement. Finally, to make sure the audiences
understand what she means, she also uses English ‘I look at the world, if I don’t do something, I feel guilty’
to responds Deddy. Because she thinks that the topic must be
understood by everybody in studio. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor.
Such as the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change
in the language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching. 16.
Deddy : Tell me what happen, kalo misalnya gak ada penghijauan dan sebagainya. What is the worst scenario nantinya?
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Nadya : The best effect is gonna be hunger, kelaparan ya. Ada kemarin juga tahun lalu marah- marah karna harga cabe mahal
Analysis: The question from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from English ‘tell me what happen’. It
means that it is important question from Deddy. Moreover Deddy uses English ‘what is the worst scenario nantinya?’
to emphasize that this question is very important to be answered
by Nadya. And Nadya answers the question using English ‘the best effect is gonna be hunger
’. Nadya realizes that it is serious topic that everybody must understand it. According
to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as the data before, when a change of topic
into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this utterance is
included into Metaphorical Switching.
17. Deddy : Tantangannya sebenarnya tadinya buat nadya. Kalo eyang suka. Gimana kalo
kamu pura2 tidak suka
Nadya : Oh, no. It is for you Deddy : You can drink it?
Izabel : I get it all the time. You should not like this. I know Nadya : Enak banget. Sorry
Analysis:
The statement from Deddy Corbuzier above starts from Bahasa Indonesia. Nadya answers the
question using English ‘Owh, no. It is for you’. Nadya uses English to change the topic into
more humorous. And Deddy who can’t believe that becomes little ashamed and he give a
question using English ‘you can drink it?’ to Nadya. And then Nadya enjoy Deddy’s
question. Within little bit joke Nadya answers Deddy’s question using Bahasa Indonesia.
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According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Key factor. Such as the data before, when a
change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the language used. So, this
utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
18.
Nadya : Learn, always learn. Belajar terus. Jangan mau terima apa adanya. Dan selalu Tanya. And always want to be inspired. Cari orang yang sangat inspiratif.
Kayak eyang ya. Always be inspired to be better, to do good. Daripada berhenti think of life. Itu hal- hal yang bisa, It’s easy to get, it easy to go. But I think ethic and
moral sangat important.
Analysis: Nadya emphasize her imperative sentence to everybody using English ‘learn, always learn’,
‘And always want to be inspired’, ‘Always be inspired to be better. To do good’. Besides that, she also uses English ‘It easy to get, it easy to go’ to emphasize her good statement for
everybody who heard her. According to Dell Hyme, it is regard to the Ends factor. Such as
the data before, when a change of topic into more important topic requires a change in the
language used. So, this utterance is included into Metaphorical Switching.
After giving the explanation above, the writer presents the table which contains the frequency of the occurrence of the kinds code switching.
Table IV.I.I Frequency of Occurance of Kinds Code Switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012.
There are 108 codes switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7. Below are the number and percentage of code switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012.
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No. Kinds of Code Switching
Number of Case Percentages
1. Situational Code Switching
46 42,59
2. Metaphorical Code Switching
62 57,41
TOTAL 108
100
The table above shows that both Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung most dominantly use Metaphorical Code Switching in their utterances.
4.1.2 Kinds of Code Mixing in Hitam Putih Talk Show on 2
nd
October 2012.
In chapter II, the writer writes that Wardhaugh 2006:98 says “code switching also called code mixing can occur in conversation between speakers’ turns or within a
single speaker’s turn.” In the latter case it can occur between sentences inter-sententially or within a single sentence intra-sententially.
1. Inter-sentential Code Mixing
This kind of code mixing can occur between sentences. There are utterances that belong to Inter-sentential Code Mixing, they are:
1.
Deddy : Gimana caranya 38 tahun. You still have that face. Bisa kulitnya bisa putih,
bisa cantik, rahasianya apa? 2.
Deddy : Juice vegetable. Banyak tu masyarakat yang mengatakan bahwa model tu
cuma menang tampang doank. Tapi, mostly they are uneducated seperti itu. Ada tidak
orang orang yang, pernah tidak mendengar kata-kata itu 3.
Nadya : Gak mau ya nanti kan pas kita meninggal, aduh aku belum minta maaf, aku
belum bilang I love you gitu ya. Jadi setiap hari kita harus selesaikan apa saja
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4. Deddy : Ok. Kalo tadi anda katakan bahwa di Australia itu anda di, bukan dikucilkan,
tapi susah sekali untuk meniti karir di Australia because all of them have blonde, blue eyes and everything.
Memang terasa yang seperti itunya? 5.
Nadya : Hmm… Gak terlalu sakitin. Soalnya kan but like I said. Dari dulu kan saya
bilang Oh ya, modeling Cuma cari hepeng kan. Orang batak bilang buat cari hepeng. Cari
hepeng pas lagi liburan ya. So I take it just for fun. I don’t take it seriously. Tapi
memang dari waktu kecil selalu diejek 6.
Deddy : Owh, tadi Singapore. So cute your baju lah. Tunggu dulu, Ini siapa?
Mengapa? 7.
Deddy : Karna menang arisan rumahnya jadi hijau. Ok mungkin saya mau nanya sama kalian bertiga ya. Kan akan sangat sulit misalnya anda seminar lah atau apalah ngomong
sama orang-orang. Ini sekarang kita harus penghijauan lah, begini, begini, begini.
Everyone listen to you, for sure. Mulainya aja, yang paling sederhana aja lah gitu. Apa
sich yang harus dilakukan? sederhana aja
2. Intra-sentential Code Mixing
This kind of code mixing can occur within a single sentence. There are utterances that belong to Intra-sentential Code Mixing, they are:
1.
Deddy : Enggak kan. Ok Nadya. So, nadya. Umur berapa?
2.
Nadya : I look up for myself, yah,,.Dan selalu makan sehat. Sekitar like 80 vegetarian,
3.
Deddy : Tapi not tidak selalu vegetarian ya berarti. Berarti lebih banyak makan
sayuran ya? Lebih banyak makan sayur. Ok 4.
Nadya : Ya. Sayur, brown rice, a lot of juice. Tapi jusnya ya juice vegetable
5.
Nadya : Ya, of course
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6.
Deddy : Karna ada interview juga abis itu kan? Ada interview juga yang cara
jawabnya harus bisa 7.
Nadya : Bukan Cuma jadi model, tapi kan bisa juga jadi icon, duta apalah. You can
grow like that. Of course everybody can present themselves very well 8.
Deddy : Di Australia, jadi model di tokyo. Terus ke Indonesia dan lalu stay in Singapore
9. Deddy
: Ok. Being a model, itu rasanya seperti apa?
10. Nadya
: Karna saya lahir dan besar di Autralia. Dan disitu kan semuanya blonde, blue eyes and
itu adalah the idea beauty
11. Nadya
: Kalo kita istri yang baik semua ok di rumah. Kids juga happy
12. Deddy
: Saya lebih baik di blacklist oleh media semuanya dibandingkan?
13. Deddy
: Ok.simple. Tepuk tangan buat Nadya. Dulu ato sekarang?
14. Deddy
: So berarti istri yang baik. Jawaban yang baik sekali. Model atau ibu rumah
tangga? 15.
Deddy
: Never get down because omongan orang lain ya.
16. Nadya
: Iya terserah. Yang penting what we do in our life
17. Deddy
: Owh, tapi bisa beneran conversation dengan,,
18. Nadya
: Lagi sibuk dengan shooting dan preparation buat Asian next top model. Saya yang jadi MC and judge
19. Deddy
: Anda jadi MC and judge ya? Kapan itu?
20. Deddy
: November. Ok, itu your career ya. Yang lain apa?
21. Nadya
: Untuk saya I split my time. Jadi, 50 for nadia work. Another 50 for
lingkungan 22.
Deddy
: Tadi, bilang so cute your baju
23. Deddy
: Roommate katanya. Roommate dimana?
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24. Deddy
: Saya mau tanya sama anda. Nadya ini punya kebiasaan buruk apa? Kan
roommate, jadi tau donk. Misalnya nadya tidurnya ngorok misalnya
25. Deddy
: Pasti. Kalo tidak pernah jatuh, tidak pernah naik. Kalo tidak pernah susah
tidak pernah merasakan happy. Dan nadya ini nominasi green awards 2012, ada George
cloudy disana Petronal petrus juga. What is that? 26.
Nadya : International greens awards are Oscars of Green. Itu semua di bidangnya,
bukan Cuma di entertainment,
27. Deddy
: Ok. Berarti bisa company, bisa semuanya
28. Nadya
: Ya, everybody. Business, manufacturing, everything
29. Deddy
: Ok nadya. Anda memang peduli lingkungan. Dan kalo peduli lingkungan, kenapa anda harus peduli lingkungan. Sebenarnya pekerjaan anda kan tidak ada
urusannya dengan lingkungan atau you want to create your career
30. Nadya
: Kita semua ada hubungan dengan lingkungan. Itu mulainya dari my mom.
31. Nadya
: Sejak saya kecil dia tanam sayur sendiri, dia bikin kompos sendiri, dia selalu
bicara tentang pengen living of the green, pengen jadi yang sustainable. Itu kata-kata yang saya tidak mengerti, waktu kecil kan. OK. Berati maksudnya, you want to make
your own bread . I even ask you.
32. Nadya
: So, where you get the flour? Tepungnya dari mana gitu kalo mau self sustainable
33. Deddy
: Tanggung jawab semua ya, affecting everybody. Yah, itu nadya hutagalung.
Tadi dia mengatakan bahwa itu dari ibunya, lalu turun ke dia. Dia peduli terhadap
lingkungan. Dan tadi anda mengatakan everybody, semua orang. Semua orang
bertanggung jawab dan efeknya juga semua orang. Dan ini ada yang menarik. Nenek berusia 80 tahun terkenal karena menjadi seorang pejuang lingkungan. Siapa dia, kita
lihat dulu ini silahkan
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34. Nadya
: Yang paling penting menurut saya sich education. Kita harus tau kita kenapa
harus berubah hidup kita. Kalo kita gak tahu kenapa harus berubah, kita gak akan berubah.
35. Deddy
: Kan vegetarian kan. Ini jamu
36. Nadya
: Ini isinya apa? Turmeric?
37. Nadya
: Dirumah aku juga tanam kunyit. Terus saya minum. So, thank you
38. Nadya
: Enak banget. Sorry
39. Deddy
: Pantesan nyamuknya datang ke rumah gue terus. Nadya sendiri katanya
rumahnya juga ecofriendly?
40. Nadya
: Sebisanya. Tapi kan sekarang kan sudah banyak peraturan yang harus kita
ikutin ya. Jadi bukan as not as green as we would like it to be.
41. Nadya
: It means water mineral in my pool. Tapi gak berarti mineral water put in my
pool. Airnya dimasukin ke kolam renang, bukan. Airnya air biasa, tapi di purifikasi secara used the Filter. Itu teknologinya dibikin dari NASA.
42. Nadya
: Supaya airnya bersih. Jadi gak pakai chlorine. Tanpa chlorine
43. Deddy
: Owh, tanpa chlorine yang baunya khas banget itu ya. Dan sekarang kalau
kita nanya ke masyarakat misalnya. Kan yang sadar akan lingkungan ini gak banyak kan sebenarnya. Gimana caranya supaya masyarakat bisa mulai sadar?
After giving the explanation above, the writer presents the table which contains the frequency of the occurrence of the type code switching.
Table IV.I.II Frequency of Occurance of Kinds Code Mixing in Hitam Putih Talk Show
There are 80 code mixing in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7. Below are the number and percentage of code mixing in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012.
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No. Kinds of Code Mixing
Number of Case Percentages
1. Inter-sentential Code Mixing
9 11,25
2. Intra-sentential Code Mixing
71 88,75
TOTAL 80
100
The table above shows that both Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung most dominantly use Intra-sentential Code Mixing in their utterances.
4.1.3 Factors That Influence Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung Switch and Mix Their Utterances in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012.
Dell Hathaway Hymes, 1964 in Jendra, 2010:71 one of the most noted world sociolinguists, suggested eight factors that bilingual, multilingual or monolingual people may
consider when choosing a code. Someone who bilingual or multilingual chooses to switch or mix his speech, he will consider eight factors from Dell Hymes. The factors were formulated
into an acronym namely SPEAKING, which stands for Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms of interaction, and Genre. They are:
1. Setting and Scene
Actually this thesis is analyzing utterances between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung. They talk in a talk show which has duration about an hour on 2
nd
October 2012. Therefore the setting is one of television programmes in Indonesia nowadays entitled Hitam
Putih Talk Show Trans 7. The scene is an activity in which led by a host and there are some celebrity guest who share their life, career and hot news about in enjoy situation.
2. Participants
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There are three kinds of participants that involved in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7. The first participant is Deddy Corbuzier as a host in this talk show. He is one of the most
famous magicians in Indonesia. The second participant is celebrity guest. There are three celebrity guests invited in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012. They are Nadya Hutagalung, Izabel Yahya, and Harini Bambang Wahono. The third participant is the
audiences in studio. The writer only focuses on the utterances from the first participant, Deddy Corbuzier, and celebrity guest Nadya Hutagalung. Nadya Hutagalung is mix married
child from her father who comes from North Sumatera and her mother from Australia. 3.
Ends
In this talk show, Deddy Corbuzier asks so many questions to Nadya Hutagalung. Generally he asks about Nadya’s life, her childhood, her principal, and her family. Therefore,
Nadya must tell about her life, her childhood, her principal, and her family to the audiences clearly until the audiences can get what she means.
4. Act Sequence
In this talk show, Deddy Corbuzier acts as a host who dominantly talks in this talk show. Deddy asks so many questions to the celebrity guest. Sometimes, there are some
questions which is very important to be answered by a celebrity guest. Besides that, there are some unique questions that forces Nadya Hutagalung to tell her secret to the audiences.
5. Keys
It is an enjoy activity. Therfore, Both Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung enjoy this activity. Nadya Hutagalung as a celebrity guest can feel relax in answering all of
questions from Deddy. The result is Nadya utterances also show her feeling at that time. In the other word, it can be said that Nadya is happy in this talk show.
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6. Instrumentalities
Actually, Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung use spoken language in this talk show. Deddy asks question to Nadya and then Nadya answers all of the questions directly.
7. Norm of Interaction
Deddy Corbuzier as a host gives some questions to Nadya and then Nadya as a celebrity guest has to answer or responds all of the questions directly and clearly based on the
questions. 8.
Genre A host and celebrity guests in Hitam Putih Talk Show do interaction among speakers.
They do conversation about life, career, and family of a celebrity guest.
4.1.4 Interference Forms That Appears in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012
The writer has written down in Chapter II that Chaer and Agustina, 1995:163 say “Penggunaan serpihan kata, frasa, dan klausa dari bahasa lain yang terdapat di dalam kalimat
dapat juga dianggap sebagai interferensi pada tingkat kalimat.” The use of fragments of words, phrases, and clauses from other languages contained in the sentence can also be
considered as interference at the sentence level. Interference refers to the existence of irregularities in the use of a language by incorporating another language system, which for
the purist faction regarded as an error. There are interference forms in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012, they are:
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1.
Deddy : Gimana caranya 38 tahun. You still have that face. Bisa kulitnya bisa putih,
bisa cantik, rahasianya apa? 2.
Deddy : Juice vegetable. Banyak tu masyarakat yang mengatakan bahwa model tu
cuma menang tampang doank. Tapi, mostly they are uneducated seperti itu. Ada tidak
orang orang yang, pernah tidak mendengar kata-kata itu 3.
Nadya : Gak mau ya nanti kan pas kita meninggal, aduh aku belum minta maaf, aku
belum bilang I love you gitu ya. Jadi setiap hari kita harus selesaikan apa saja
4. Deddy : Ok. Kalo tadi anda katakan bahwa di Australia itu anda di, bukan dikucilkan,
tapi susah sekali untuk meniti karir di Australia because all of them have blonde, blue eyes and everything.
Memang terasa yang seperti itunya? 5.
Nadya : Hmm… Gak terlalu sakitin. Soalnya kan but like I said. Dari dulu kan saya
bilang Oh ya, modeling Cuma cari hepeng kan. Orang batak bilang buat cari hepeng. Cari
hepeng pas lagi liburan ya. So I take it just for fun. I don’t take it seriously. Tapi
memang dari waktu kecil selalu diejek 6.
Deddy : Owh, tadi Singapore. So cute your baju lah. Tunggu dulu, Ini siapa?
Mengapa? 7.
Deddy : Karna menang arisan rumahnya jadi hijau. Ok mungkin saya mau nanya sama kalian bertiga ya. Kan akan sangat sulit misalnya anda seminar lah atau apalah ngomong
sama orang-orang. Ini sekarang kita harus penghijauan lah, begini, begini, begini.
Everyone listen to you, for sure. Mulainya aja, yang paling sederhana aja lah gitu. Apa
sich yang harus dilakukan? sederhana aja 8.
Deddy : Enggak kan. Ok Nadya. So, nadya. Umur berapa?
9.
Nadya : I look up for myself, yah,,.Dan selalu makan sehat. Sekitar like 80 vegetarian,
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10.
Deddy : Tapi not tidak selalu vegetarian ya berarti. Berarti lebih banyak makan
sayuran ya? Lebih banyak makan sayur. Ok 11.
Nadya : Ya. Sayur, brown rice, a lot of juice. Tapi jusnya ya juice vegetable
12.
Nadya : Ya, ofcourse
13.
Deddy : Karna ada interview juga abis itu kan? Ada interview juga yang cara
jawabnya harus bisa 14.
Nadya : Bukan Cuma jadi model, tapi kan bisa juga jadi icon, duta apalah. You can
grow like that. Of course everybody can present themselves very well 15.
Deddy : Di Australia, jadi model di tokyo. Terus ke Indonesia dan lalu stay in
Singapore 16.
Deddy : Ok. Being a model, itu rasanya seperti apa?
17.
Nadya : Karna saya lahir dan besar di Autralia. Dan disitu kan semuanya blonde, blue eyes and
itu adalah the idea beauty
18.
Deddy : Saya lebih baik di blacklist oleh media semuanya dibandingkan?
19.
Deddy : Ok.simple. Tepuk tangan buat Nadya. Dulu ato sekarang?
20.
Deddy : So berarti istri yang baik. Jawaban yang baik sekali. Model atau ibu rumah
tangga? 21.
Deddy : Never get down because omongan orang lain ya.
22.
Nadya : Iya terserah. Yang penting what we do in our life
23.
Deddy : Owh, tapi bisa beneran conversation dengan,,
24.
Nadya : Lagi sibuk dengan shooting dan preparation buat Asian next top model. Saya yang jadi MC and judge
25.
Deddy : Anda jadi MC and judge ya? Kapan itu?
26.
Deddy : November. Ok, itu your career ya. Yang lain apa?
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27.
Nadya : Untuk saya I split my time. Jadi, 50 for nadia work. Another 50 for
lingkungan 28.
Deddy : Tadi, bilang so cute your baju
29.
Deddy : Roommate katanya. Roommate dimana?
30. Deddy : Saya mau tanya sama anda. Nadya ini punya kebiasaan buruk apa? Kan
roommate, jadi tau donk. Misalnya nadya tidurnya ngorok misalnya
31. Deddy : Pasti. Kalo tidak pernah jatuh, tidak pernah naik. Kalo tidak pernah susah tidak
pernah merasakan happy. Dan nadya ini nominasi green awards 2012, ada George
cloudy disana Petronal petrus juga. What is that? 32.
Nadya : International greens awards are Oscars of Green. Itu semua di bidangnya,
bukan Cuma di entertainment,
33.
Deddy : Ok. Berarti bisa company, bisa semuanya
34.
Nadya : Ya, everybody. Bussiness, manufacturing, everything
35. Deddy : Ok nadya. Anda memang peduli lingkungan. Dan kalo peduli lingkungan,
kenapa anda harus peduli lingkungan. Sebenarnya pekerjaan anda kan tidak ada
urusannya dengan lingkungan atau you want to create your career
36.
Nadya : Kita semua ada hubungan dengan lingkungan. Itu mulainya dari my mom.
37. Nadya : Sejak saya kecil dia tanam sayur sendiri, dia bikin kompos sendiri, dia selalu
bicara tentang pengen living of the green, pengen jadi yang sustainable. Itu kata-kata yang saya tidak mengerti, waktu kecil kan. OK. Berati maksudnya, you want to make
your own bread . I even ask you.
38.
Nadya : So, where you get the flour? Tepungnya dari mana gitu kalo mau self sustainable
39.
Deddy : Tanggung jawab semua ya, affecting everybody. Yah, itu nadya hutagalung.
Tadi dia mengatakan bahwa itu dari ibunya, lalu turun ke dia. Dia peduli terhadap
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lingkungan. Dan tadi anda mengatakan everybody, semua orang. Semua orang
bertanggung jawab dan efeknya juga semua orang. Dan ini ada yang menarik. Nenek berusia 80 tahun terkenal karena menjadi seorang pejuang lingkungan. Siapa dia, kita
lihat dulu ini silahkan 40.
Nadya : Yang paling penting menurut saya sich education. Kita harus tau kita kenapa
harus berubah hidup kita. Kalo kita gak tahu kenapa harus berubah, kita gak akan berubah.
41.
Deddy : Kan vegetarian kan. Ini jamu
42.
Nadya : Ini isinya apa? Turmeric?
44. Nadya
: Dirumah aku juga tanam kunyit. Terus saya minum. So, thank you
45. Nadya
: Enak banget. Sorry
46. Deddy
: Pantesan nyamuknya datang ke rumah gue terus. Nadya sendiri katanya
rumahnya juga ecofriendly?
47. Nadya
: Sebisanya. Tapi kan sekarang kan sudah banyak peraturan yang harus kita
ikutin ya. Jadi bukan as not as green as we would like it to be.
48. Nadya
: It means water mineral in my pool. Tapi gak berarti mineral water put in my
pool. Airnya dimasukin ke kolam renang, bukan. Airnya air biasa, tapi di purifikasi secara used the Filter. Itu teknologinya dibikin dari NASA.
49. Nadya
: Supaya airnya bersih. Jadi gak pakai chlorine. Tanpa chlorine
50. Deddy
: Owh, tanpa chlorine yang baunya khas banget itu ya. Dan sekarang kalau
kita nanya ke masyarakat misalnya. Kan yang sadar akan lingkungan ini gak banyak kan sebenarnya. Gimana caranya supaya masyarakat bisa mulai sadar?
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4.1 FINDING
After describing the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012 into the correct explanation based on the type of code switching and code mixing, the writer finds the most dominant type used in their
utterances. Below is finding as a result of the explanation above.
CODE SWITCHING Situational Code Switching
Metaphorical Code Switching
46 62
Total: Total
46 62
CODE MIXING Inter-sentential Code Mixing
Intra-sentential Code Mixing
9 71
Total: Total
9 71
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing all the data in this thesis, there are conclusions that can be drawn as in the following:
1. There are 108 cases of code switching in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012. They are 46 cases of situational code switching and 62 cases of metaphorical code switching. There are 80 cases of code mixing. They are 9 cases of
inter-sentential code mixing and 71 cases of intra-sentential code mixing. 2.
There are eight factors as suggested by Dell Hymes that influence Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung to switch and mix their utterances. The factors were
formulated into an acronym namely SPEAKING, which stands for Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms of interaction, and
Genre. The Setting in Hitam Putih Talk Show is in a studio Trans 7 in which scene is
an enjoy activity. Participants involve in this Talk Show are Deddy Corbuzier as a host, Nadya Hutagalung, Izabel Yahya, and Harini Bambang Wahono as celebrity
guests, and The audiences. In this thesis, the writer only focuses on utterances between Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung. Nadya Hutagalung switches and
mixes her utterances both Bahasa Indonesia and English because she wants the audiences understand what she talk about. Nadya Hutagalung has to share about her
life, her career, her principal, and her family to the audiences as the End in this Talk
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Show. Act Sequence in this Talk Show is Deddy Corbuzier as a host who dominantly talk to celebrity guests. The Key factor is Nadya hutagalung enjoy to share her life.
Spoken language is the Intrumentalities factor in this talk show that used speakers in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7. Norm of Interaction is Deddy Corbuzier gives some
questions to Nadya Hutagalung as celebrity guest. Deddy Corbuzier switches and mixes his utterances both Bahasa Indonesia and English because Nadya Hutagalung
uses both Bahasa Indonesia and English in answering Deddy’s question. And Genre of this Talk Show is interaction activity in which the speakers do conversation. All of
these factor influence Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung to switch and mix their utterances.
3. There are 80 cases of Interference form in Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012. It means there are 80 cases which for the purist faction regarded as an error.
Based on the result above, it can be seen that Metaphorical Code Switching is the most dominant type of code switching used by Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung in
Hitam Putih Talk Show Trans 7 on 2
nd
October 2012. It can be concluded that the End factors is dominantly influenced their utterances. Both Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung
switch their utterances because they want to emphasise their utterances so that the audiences can understand what they mean. Besides that, Deddy Corbuzier and Nadya Hutagalung
dominantly use Intra-sentential Code Mixing. It shows that Nadya Hutagalung is able tu use Bahasa Indonesia well. But, for the purist faction, Code mixing that happens in this Talk
Show causes an error case namely Interference.
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5.2 Suggestion
