expectation in terms of a directive, although not actually demanding anything
”.
2
Next, “imperative is the base form of a verb used to give orders,
make suggestion, etc ”.
3
And “the use imperative in many different ways,
for example, to give orders, to make offers suggestions, direction and instruction, warning, and request
”.
4
From those definition that imperative sentences are used in several utterances. It can be use for giving orders;
making offers suggestion, request, giving direction and instruction, giving warning and prohibition.
2. Kind of Imperative Sentences
a. Give orders and Command
Imperative can be use for giving order and giving command, it can be shown in examples 1a, 1b, 1c, and the speaker expects the persons
addressed to do what he or she has said. If the persons addressed do not do what the speaker says, they can expect that some kind of retaliation may be
taken against them. For example, the person to whom the command in 1a is addressed may expect to be pushed aside if he does not comply. The
imperative in 1d is a highly stylized command that used only in opening ceremonies.
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Examples: 1.a Get out of my way
1.b Right face Forward, march 1.c Keep off the grass.
1.d Let the games begin
2
Ron Cown, t he Teacher’s Grammar of English: a Course Book and Reference Guide,
Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2008, p. 115.
3
Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980, p. xvii.
4
Digby Beaumont and Colin Granger, English Grammar, Oxford: Heinemann, 1989, p.52.
5
Ron Cown, the Teacher’s Grammar of English …, p. 115.
The imperative has the same form as the infinitive without to
6
Sit down. Open the window.
Chart are excellent techniques to use in teaching grammar since they provide a visual display for introducing and contrasting specific
grammar points. For example, a two dimensional grid could be used to introduce affirmative and negative commands.
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b. Direction and Instruction
Maps provide an effective context for introducing and practicing expressions used in asking for and giving directions. In using map to
illustrate giving directions, be certain to demonstrate each direction on a map so that students understand the meaning of the expression. Use the
strategy with a map such as following:
8
6
Digby Beaumont and Colin Granger, English Grammar …, p.52.
7
Sandra L. McKay, Teaching Grammar: Form, Function, and Technique, New York: Pergamon Press, 1985, p. 1.
8
Sandra L. McKay, Teaching Grammar: Form, Function, and Technique ..., p. 58.
“Walk.” “Don’t run”
“Listen” “Don’t talk”
“Open the book” “Don’t open the book”
“Close the door” “Don’t close the door”
Figure 2.1
A hypothetical example such as:
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Mr. Tomori gets into taxi at Adams Street and Merced Drive. He wants to go to 614 Whitewell Road so he tells the driver the following.
Drive down Merced Drive to Clay Street. Turn Left on Clay Street.
FollowStay onClay Street for two blocks. Go past White Street.
614 Whitwell Road will be on your left. Furthermore, use of imperatives to give instructions. Such as, write
instructions for a simple recipe: making a cup of tea, or boiling an egg, for examples:
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9
Sandra L. McKay, Teaching Grammar: Form, Function, and Technique …, p. 59.
10
Penny Ur, Grammar Practice Activities a Particle Guide for Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 129-130.
Whitewell Road
Marlborough Lane
Merced Drive
A D
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S T
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C L
A Y
S T
R E
E T
W H
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E S
T E
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G R
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T
