Figure 2.1
A hypothetical example such as:
9
Mr. Tomori gets into taxi at Adams Street and Merced Drive. He wants to go to 614 Whitewell Road so he tells the driver the following.
Drive down Merced Drive to Clay Street. Turn Left on Clay Street.
FollowStay onClay Street for two blocks. Go past White Street.
614 Whitwell Road will be on your left. Furthermore, use of imperatives to give instructions. Such as, write
instructions for a simple recipe: making a cup of tea, or boiling an egg, for examples:
10
9
Sandra L. McKay, Teaching Grammar: Form, Function, and Technique …, p. 59.
10
Penny Ur, Grammar Practice Activities a Particle Guide for Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 129-130.
Whitewell Road
Marlborough Lane
Merced Drive
A D
A M
S T
R E
E T
C L
A Y
S T
R E
E T
W H
I T
E S
T E
E T
G R
E E
N S
T R
E E
T
Give instruction how to … Boil an egg
Make a cup of tea Make soup
c. Advice and Warning
The speaker is directing the attention of the person addressed to do something that is for his or her benefit, not the speakers’. It is up to the
person who receives the advice, recommendation, or warning to decide whether to follow it.
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a. Keep your options open.
b. Remember, always buy low and sell high.
d. Suggestions
A suggestion that the speaker and the hearer go together, and so in meaning is very like French 1
st
imperative. In poetry, of course, Let us go can still have the meaning of Let’s go, as in:
12
Let us go then, you and I, When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table Use let’s or let’s not and the base form for suggestions that include
you and another.
13
Examples: Let’s go
Let’s no stay
Use why don’t you and the best form to give advice to another
person. And put a question mark at the end of sentences with why don’t we
and why don’t you.
14
11
Ron Cown, the Teacher’s Grammar of English …, p. 116.
12
James R. Hurdford, Grammar a Student’s Guide …, p. 96.
13
Irene E. Schoenberg, Focus on Grammar: a Basic Course for Reference and Practice, New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 2000, p.186.
