C. Cycle and Design of the Research
The classroom action research procedure used in this research is Kemmis and McTaggart design. According to Kemmis
and Taggart “action research occurs through a dynamic and complementary process, which
consists of four essential „moment’: of planning, acting, observing and reflecting
”.
2
Kemmis and McTaggart’s concept of action research is set out in
Figure 3.1.
a. Planning
In this step, the writer observes the problem in teaching learning process, planning the subject is used in the teaching learning process, deciding the
topic, developing scenario learning Lesson plan and developing evaluation form.
b. Acting
Second step is acting. The planning has to be done well and the new method is applied in teaching and learning process. The material of
imperative sentence is given. In addition the media and instrument are used for collecting data.
c. Observing
The third step is observing. In this step the writer takes a note for every event that occurred in the classroom in order to get accurate data to repair
next cycle. It held when the classroom action research is in progress. In this step, it is also collect the data derived from evaluation test or post test.
d. Reflecting
The last step is reflecting. Researcher and teacher discuss collaborativelly further some problems occurred in the class. Thus, the reflection is able to
be determined after implementing the action and observation outcomes. Based on Kemmis and McTaggart reflection is the effects of the action are
2
Anne Burns, Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1999, p. 32.
evaluated and become the basis for further cycles of research.
3
If there still have found some problems, so it needs to move to the next cycle
concerning re-planning, re-acting, and re-observin g to solve students’
problems and also to get a better result.
3
Anne Burns and Dewi Rochsantiningsih, Conducting Action Research in Indonesia …,
p. 22.
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