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Web page is not the same thing as a Web site. A Web page is an individual HTML Hyper Text Markup Language document. But, a website is a
collection of web pages that is hosted on one or several web server. In general, a web page is a document or resource of information that is suitable for the World
Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a monitor or mobile device.
Web Page consists of verbal component that is text and non –verbal
component that are pictorial images, icons, graphic layout and typographic features, videos, audio, music, and other multimedia elements. It is line with
Sandrini, ―A website contains different types of digital assets which can be text, pictures, multimedia such as audio and video streaming […]‖ Sandrini : 2005
Web pages are accessed and transferred with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP by typing significant address or domain name in the Uniform
Resource Locator URL attached on internet browser. URL is an address that is used to locate a particular resource website, file, server, etc on the internet. The
URL‘s of the pages organizes a website into hierarchy. Then, the user or a web browser renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto
a display terminal.
J. Machine Translation
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According to Collins English Dictionary, ―Machine translation MT is the production of text in one natural language from that in another by means of
computer procedures‖. In other words, MT is the application of computers to the task of translating texts from one natural language to another. The most previous
version of MT only employs simple substitution
of words in one natural language for words in another. Then MT is developed and able to employ
corpus techniques. This techniques able to translate more complex sentence and allowing
for better handling of differences in linguistic typology
, phrase recognition
, and translation of
idioms , as well as the isolation of anomalies.
Currently, machine translation software allows for customization by domain or
profession such as
weather reports . This technique is very effective in
domains where formal or formulaic language is used. So, it makes machine translation of government and legal documents can produce a better translation
output than a less standardized text.
Improved output quality can also be achieved by human intervention: for example, some systems are able to translate more accurately if the user has
unambiguously identified which words in the text are names. One of MT which
used this system is Google Translate.
K. Google Translate
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Google Translate is an online translator service provided by Google Inc. to translate a section of text, or a webpage, into another language. In details,
Google Translate can translate any web page into 51 languages around the world only in a second. Also, Google Translate is very easy to use. The user only inputs
the URL of desired web page on available box, chooses the available target language, then clicks enter command, and the web page has been successfully
translated.
Moreover, Google translate is a free domain area. It means the internet users do not have to become a member or pay the charge to obtain a full services
of Google Translate. It is also possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated into a destination language allowing the user to browse and
interpret results from the selected destination language in the source language
Google translate is based on an approach called statistical machine translation which is developed by Franz-Josef Och. His research made him the winner on the
DARPA contest for speed machine translation in 2003. Nowadays, Och is appointed to be a head of Googles machine translation department.
According to Och and Ney 2002 : 298, a solid base for developing a usable statistical machine translation system for a new pair of languages from
scratch, would consist in having a bilingual text corpus or parallel collection of more than a million words and two monolingual corpora of each more than a
billion words. Statistical models from this data are then used to translate between those languages.
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In order to store this massive amount of linguistic data, Google uses United Nations documents. The same document is normally available in all
six official UN languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, so Google has a 6-language corpus of 20 billion words worth of human
translations. Then, Google keeps developing a better version of Google Translate from time to time. On June 2010, Google has launched its 20
th
stage of Google Translation. And, still, the quality of Google translation will be improved more
and more again in future time.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design
In this research, the researcher applied a descriptive qualitative method. By using descriptive qualitative method, the researcher only collected, classified,
analyzed the data and then drew a conclusion. A further explanation about qualitative research is also given by Cresswell 1998:15:
Qualitative research is an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that
explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views
of informants, and conducts the study in a natural setting.
Qualitative research was applied in this research because the data are not statistical data. Although there is a simple counting in this research, this counting
was only used as a medium to analyze the data and to make conclusions. For addition, the counting was also used in order to asses the translation quality.
In this research, the data are descriptive since the data are in the form of words, picture, rather than numbers Bogdan and Biklen, 1992: 30. Besides, this
research was not conducted to make any prediction and to prove or disapprove any hypothesis.
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