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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology used in the research. The discussion includes those related to research method, research participants, research instruments,
research setting, data gathering technique, and data analysis technique.
A. Research Method
This research was a descriptive research. According to Ary, Jacobs, and
Razavieh 2007: 447 the aim of descriptive research is to gain information about the nature and degree of existing condition. In addition, descriptive research is also
designed to show the condition happened in certain situation which means there is no manipulation added. Therefore, descriptive research is natural research because the
variables cannot be manipulated. There are several approaches under descriptive research. Ary et al. 2007:
447 mention seven approaches, case studies, surveys, developmental studies, follow- up studies, document analyses, trend analyses, and co relational studies. In this
research, document would be used to analyse. Further, Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh, 1979: 304 state that “Documentary analysis, often referred to as content analysis, is
not confined to simple counts but can also be used to study sociological and psychological variables.” Besides, in educational research, Ary et al. 2002: 443 list
some purposes of document analysis, they are:
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26 1.
to identify bias prejudice, or propaganda in textbooks, 2.
to analyse types of errors in students’ writings, 3.
to describe prevailing practice, 4.
to discover the level of difficulty of material in textbooks or other publications, 5.
to discover the relative importance of, or interest in, certain topics. The facts that this research desired to discover whether or not the English workbooks
analysed have the criteria for book evaluation and to find out how those criteria are fulfilled or not, therefore, the first and the fourth purposes are proper to the objectives
of the research. The first and the fourth purposes are to evaluate and to figure out the appropriateness of the workbook for its grade. Related to this, English workbooks
were the documents which would be analysed to discuss how the principles were applied.
B. Research Subjects
Workbooks are widely published. There are so many workbooks available in bookstores in Yogyakarta. Thus, the researchers chose only some workbooks as the
document being analysed. The researcher would choose three different workbooks. Firstly, workbook entitled English Supplementary Materials. This workbook was
used in one of favourite State-owned Junior High School in Yogyakarta, SMP Negeri 9 Yogyakarta. Moreover, it was written by English Team of Musyawarah Guru Mata
Pelajaran Yogyakarta. Second workbook is Global. SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, which is known as one of the best State-owned Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta,
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27 used this workbook and it is written by Endang Triningsih, Tumijo, Munawir, and H.
Ismanto. For the third book, Cerah, by CV Teguh Karya and used in SMP Joanness Bosco. From the three workbooks, this is the only workbook which was used in
Private Junior High School, and SMP Joanness Bosco is one of favourite Private Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta.
Those workbooks have some similarities. The first similarity was the workbooks were written for the seventh graders of Junior High School and the second
was the workbooks were designed based on the newest curriculum, KTSP Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Nasional.
C. Research Instruments