expected to help the students to improve their writing’s skill and keep the writing class interesting.
The students have different ability in giving feedback to their friends’ writing. Some of them just focus on the surface error of the writing and other focus on the
information that they can get from the writing.Theory of feedback proposed by Fathman and Whalley 1990, William 2003 and Park 2006 can help to
identify the feedback focus given by the students. Based on Park 2006, there are two categories of writing feedback focus, they are form and content. Feedback on
forms concern on grammar and mechanic errors while feedback on content concerns on organization, ideas, and amount of detail.
Conducting the study, the researcher adapts document analysis. To obtain the detailed data, a feedback categorization checklist was used as the main instrument
in this study. There is a procedure for gathering the data of this study. The researcher distributed the writing feedback checklist to the second semester
students of Paragraph Writing and fourth semester students Critical Reading and Writing.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents detailed information about the method used to accomplish this study. Thus, in this chapter the researcher explains every part of
the methodology including what research method was used, research participants, where the research took place, research instrument, how the data were gathered
during the research, and data analysis as well as research procedure.
A. Research Method
This study belonged to a qualitative research. According to Ary et al 2002 qualitative study is, “A study which aims to understand a phenomenon by
focusing on the total picture p.25”. Ary 2002 et al also state that “The goal of qualitative study is to get a holistic picture and depth understanding of a social
phenomena, rather than a numeric analysis of data” p.25. They 2002 also add that a qualitative study inquirer deals with data that are in the form of words,
rather than numbers and statistics. The data collected are the subject’s experiences and perspectives. In this study, the researcher tried to describe a social phenomena
related to the ability of the 2
nd
semester students and the 4
th
semester students in giving feedback to their friends’ writings.
To make this qualitative study to be more specific, the researcher used content or document analysis. According to Ary et al 2002 content or document
analysis is “A study which focuses on analyzing and interpreting recorded materials within their contexts, such as public records, textbooks, letters, films,
diaries, and so on” p.27. Krippendorff 2004 also argues that, “As a research technique, content analysis provides new insights, increases a researcher’s
understanding of a particular phenomena, or informs practical actions” p.18. In this study, the researcher analyzed the feedback checklist that had been fulfilled
by the students to get new insights and better understanding about to what extent the students can give feedback to their friends’ writings.
B. Research Setting
This research is conducted at the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University which is located at Mrican, Yogyakarta.
C. Research Participants
The participants of this research were the second semester students who were taking Paragraph Writing in the Academic Year of 20112012 and the fourth
semester students who were taking critical reading and writing II in the Academic Year of 20102011 at the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University. The researcher distributed the instrument to class A and D of Critical
Reading and Writing Class II. There are forty copies which were distributed to Class A and forty three copies distributed to Class D. The total instruments which
were returned to the researcher were sixty nine. Some of the instruments had not been completed yet. Therefore, the researcher took the data randomly from Class
A and D. There were thirty nine data result which chosen randomly from Class A and D which had been analyzed by the researcher.
