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2.1.1 Speaking
The researcher attempts to design a set of speaking materials for the first grade students of SMK Paramitha 2. Therefore, this section will discuss the basic
theory of speaking skill.
2.1.1.1 The Nature of Speaking
According to Louma 2004, there is a section who discusses three significant areas in spoken discourse for assessing speaking: purpose of talk, the
speaking situation and speaker roles. Louma 2004 stated the variation within spoken language use. The first is
purpose of talk, which is represented by talking to chat and talking to inform that is quoted from Brown. Louma 2004, p. 22 stated that Brown, Anderson,
Shillcock, and Yule 1984 define chatting as the exchange of amicable conversational turn with another speaker. The primary purpose is to make and
maintain social contact, to oil the social wheels, and thus chatting forms a large part of anyone’s social life.
The second is the speaking situation, which is represented by talking in different social situation that is quoted from Hymes. Louma 2004 stated that
Hymes 1972 has helpfully summarized the concerns about social and situational context into a framework that forms the acronym SPEAKING.” Speaking stands
for : Situation the physical setting and the nature of the event, Participant speaker, hearer, audience, etc, Ends conventional outcomes of the event, the
ends also include the individual participants’ goal, Act sequence the form and content of speech acts, Key tone, manner, or spirit of act, Instrumentalities
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9 channel or mode and form of speech, Norms norms of interpretation and norms
of interaction, and Genre categories. The third is speaker roles. It is represented in roles, role relationship and
politeness that are quoted from Grice 1975. The speakers are influenced by speaker roles and role relationship in choosing of words in interaction. It also
influenced the quality of politeness in the talk. Louma 2004 stated Grice 1975 gives four conversational maxims: quantity give sufficient information but not
too much, quality say only what you know to be true, relation be relevant and manner be brief, clear and orderly.
2.1.2 Teaching Speaking
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