18 cases, it can be simplified or reordered phases of this plan and improved Kemp,
1977.
2.2. Theoretical Framework
Kemp’s theory would be used to answer the two problems in this thesis. To provide guidance in designing speaking instructional material for first grade
students of SMK Paramitha 2, there are steps adapted from Kemp’s instructional design.
The steps in Developing the Model of Instructional Speaking Materials: 1. Learner Characteristics
This step was conducted to recognize and respect the individual learner. It has been done by obtaining the information about the learners’ capabilities, need,
and interests. 2. Considering Gals, and Listing the Topics, Stating the General Purposes
This step included defining skills, stating objectives based on the curriculum and the syllabus that is used in the school. The researcher prepared the
materials and developed the product in this step. 3. Learning Objectives
The step was conducted to make the clear objectives. The steps include making and stating clear objectives.
4. Select Teaching or Learning Activities and Instructional Resource This step included preparation of instructional materials and evaluation
devices. After collecting the data from the two previous steps, the researcher was making the form of product based on the gathered data.
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19 5. Evaluation
The purpose of this step was to evaluate the materials that had been implemented. It requires experts’ verification. This step was conducted to gain
feedback from the experts and used to categorize the materials, what want well from the material, what were the lacks of the materials, or what needs to be
improved from the material. To evaluate it, the researcher distributed the questionnaires.
6. Revision Revision was the last steps. The purpose of this step was to improve the
last material in order to change the last material into final version material.
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20 To obtain a clearer idea on the theoretical framework which is applied in
this study, the researcher’s theoretical framework is presented below in figure 3.
Figure 2: Theoretical Framework in This Study.
Selecting teaching or learning activities and instructional
resource
Evaluation Learner Characteristic
Revision
Learning Objectives Considering goals, and listing
the topics, stating the general purposes
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21
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the methodology which is used to solve the problems stated in the first chapter. It covers the method, the research participants,
the research instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
3.1 Method
Educational Research and Development is a process to develop and validate educational products Borg Gall, 1983. Educational Research and
Development was adapted within this study as the guidelines to propose the model of speaking instructional materials. The goal of educational research is not only
developing the product but also increasing educational products. Some steps adapted from educational Research and Development in order to propose the
model of speaking instructional materials were follows:
3.1.1 Research and Information Collecting
This study focused on designing a model of instructional speaking materials for first grade students of SMK Paramitha 2. This step included review
of literature, classroom observations and survey. The survey was conducted by observation, interview and questionnaires. The researcher conducted need survey
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