14 There are three kinds of materials considered in CLT:
a. Text-based materials Text-based materials are materials that based on the texts that help the
teacher to initiate conversation. The examples of these materials are visual cues, pictures, and sentence fragments.
b. Task-based materials In order to support CLT classes, a variety of games, role play, and task-
based communication activities have been prepared. These are usually in the form of one-of-a-kind items: exercise handbooks, cues cards, pair communication
practice, and learners-interaction practice. c. Realia
Realia might be included as proponents of CLT. This might include language based realia such as sign, magazines, newspaper, or visual sources
around which communicative activities can be built maps, pictures, etc.
2.1.5 Vocational School
According to Lauglo and Lilis 1988 vocationalization is intended to ease school leavers into jobs or self employment, under conditions of widespread youth
unemployment. In line with Wenrich, 1974, vocational and technical educational is for people-youth and adult interested in preparing for and progressing in a
career in some types of satisfying and productive work.
2.1.5.1 Comparison between General and Vocational Education
According to Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia no 03501997
there is a nomenclature change from SMTA Sekolah
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15 Menengah Tingkat Atas
or SMA Sekolah Menengah Atas to SMU Sekolah Menengah Umum
and according to Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia No. 0490U1992,
there is a change from SMKTA Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Tingkat Atas to SMK Sekolah Menengah
Kejuruan .
Based on Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia No. 0490U1992, Pasal 1,
vocational school is a senior educational form which is held to continue and to enlarge the basic education to prepare the
students for job requirements and to develop professionalism. Based on Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia no
03501997, pasal 1, general school is a senior educational form which is held to
continue and to enlarge the basic education and also to prepare the students for the next step of education and to develop professionalism.
Based on Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia No. 0490U1992, Pasal 2
, there are some purposes of SMK: a. Preparing the student to continue to the next step of the education or to enlarge
the basic education. b. Increasing the student’s skill as the society in establishing interrelationship
with socio-cultural environment and the nature. c. Increasing the student’s skill to develop themselves in line with the
development of science, technology, and art. d. Preparing the student to enter the fieldwork and to develop the professionalism.
The purposes of SMU are: a. Preparing the student to continue to the next step of the education or to enlarge
the basic education.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
16 b. Increasing the student’s skill as the society in establishing interrelationship
with socio-cultural environment and the nature. c. Increasing the student’s skill to develop themselves in line with the
development of science, technology, and art.
2.1.6 Instructional Design Model
