Type R-7 Basic Form + Reduplication + meN-
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marauang-rauang wail
indicates action that is acted continuously maampiang-
ampiang approach
indicates action that is acted continuously
mancigok-cigok pipe
indicates action that is acted continuously
Most of the examples that are found in the object indicate action that is acted continuously.
Furthermore, we could see from the sentences below: 1
Nan bungsu karajano tiok-tiok hari mauleh tali, nan lain mamatuik-matuik diri samiang, gilo malantua-lantua jari.
‘The youngest always hook the rope every day, while the others are busy to fit themselves in front of mirror and decorate their nails.’
The repetition mamatuik-matuik fitting and malantua-lantua decorating indicate actions that act continuously.
2
Mereka malompek-lompek di tampek tidua.
‘They jump on the bed.’ The repetition malompek-lompek jumping indicates the action that is acted
without real purpose. The explanation and examples above have explained how reduplication type
3 are formed and the meaning of each repetition.
4.1.7 Type R-7 Basic Form + Reduplication + meN-
Basic Form + Reduplication +
maN-
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Reduplication type 7 can be formed by verb and it has reciprocal meaning.
From the data that have analyzed, the writer only found one example for
reduplication type 7.
Repetition Meaning
Analysis
tolong-manolong help each other
indicates reciprocal meaning
But actually there are the other examples of this type in Minangkabau language and it has reciprocal meaning such as:
imbau-mangimbau ‘ask each other’ calik-mancalik ‘call each other’
Furthermore, we could see that repetition above used in the sentence. 1
Walau marah tapi mereka calik-mancalik sajo karajonyo. Although they are angry, they still look each other.
The repetition calik-mancalik in sentence above indicates reciprocal meaning. 2
Mereka tolong-manolong. ‘They help each other’
The repetition tolong-manolong in sentence above indicates reciprocal meaning.
4.1.8 Type R-8 Basic Form + Reduplication + meN-…-i Basic Form +
Reduplication + maN-…-i
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In type 8, reduplication that has produced has reciprocal meaning. From the data that has analyzed by the writer, the type of reduplication type 8 could not be
found in the object, but actually, the kind of reduplication type 8 could be found in Minangkabau language and it indicates reciprocal meaning.
Examples: cinto-mancintai ‘loving each other’
kasih-mangasihi ‘affecting each other’ Furthermore, it can be seen how that repetition above is used in a sentence.
1
Walau acok bakalahi tapi sabananyo mereka saling cinto-mencintoi.
‘Although they always quarrel, actually they love each other.’ The repetition above indicates reciprocal meaning.
4.1.9 Type 9 Basic Form + Reduplication + meN-…-kan
Basic Form + Reduplication +
maN-
Reduplication type 9 will produce verb by using verb, noun and adjective as basic form. But in the object, the writer only found verb as the basic form and the
reduplication that has produced has iterative meaning.
…-kan
Repetition Meaning
Analysis
mahampeh-hampehkan dash
indicates action that is acted continuously mampaolok-olokkan
mock indicates action that is acted continuously
mampamain-mainkan playing
indicates action that is acted continuously
Actually, there are the other repetitions that are formed by using noun and adjective as basic form in Minangkabau language, such as:
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mangadang-gadangkan ‘exaggerate’ adjective mancameh-camehkan ‘worry’ adjective
mandewa-dewakan ‘idolize’ noun Here the examples how the repetition in reduplication type 9 is used in the
sentences. Examples:
1
Jadi manangilah kabau nantun manggaruang-garuang, mahampeh-hampehkan
badan, mahimbau-himbau anak, indak juo pulang. ‘So the buffalo cries, moans, casts his body and calls his daughter that has not go
home yet.’ The repetition mahampeh-hampehkan ‘cast’ indicates the action that is acted by
the subject continuously. 2
Ibu mancameh-camehkan nyo.
‘Mother worries him.’ The repetition mancameh-camehkan ‘worry’ indicates the action that act by the
subject continuously.
4.1.10 Type 10 Basic Form + Reduplication + meN-…-I
Basic Form + Reduplication +
maN
The basic forms that are used to form reduplication type 10 are verb, noun and adjective. The process of reduplication type 10 produce verb that has iterative
meaning or act action continuously. -…-I
From the data that has analyzed by the writer, the type of reduplication type 10 could not be found in the object, but actually, the kind of reduplication type 10 in
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Minangkabau language could be found and it indicates action that is acted continuously.
Examples: mamukul-mukuli ‘beating’
manyumpah-nyumpahi ‘cursing’ manurun-nuruni ‘going down’
mangasih-ngasihi ‘affecting’ Furthermore, the sentences below show how the repetition in reduplication
type 10 is used in the sentence: 1
Rudi manyumpah-nyumpahi temannyo.
‘Rudi curses his friend.’ The repetition menyumpah-nyumpahi ‘cursing’ indicates that action is acted
continuously by the subject Rudi. 2
Anak-baranak mangasih-ngasihi. The parents and their kids affect each other.
The repetition mangasih-ngasihi ‘affect each other’ indicates that action is acted continuously by the subject.
4.1.11 Type 11 ‘Basic Form + Reduplication + se-’