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Examples: Manga ang ka siko? ‘why do you come here?’ iii Inyo
she he iv
Uni to call women that older politely. v
Uda
to call man that older politely.
f. Question Word
After the writer analyzed the object, the writer only got three examples of question word in reduplication type 1.
Repetition Meaning
Analysis
siapo-siapo who
asks subject bara-bara
how much asks quantity
kama-kama where
asks the place
It can be seen how question word in reduplication type 1 is used in sentence: i
Siapo-siapo nan baruntuang surang tantu io indak dapek patolongan kok io dalam kesusahan.
‘Who doesn’t want help each other, they won’t be helped’
Actually, there are some of questions word that is used in Minangkabau language, They could be a repetition or not.
1. Apo A What
2. Bagaimano Ba a How
3. Barapo Bara How much
4. Dimano Dima Where
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5. Darimano Dari ma From where
6. Mana Ma Which
7. Siapo Sia Who
8. Bilo When
9. Mangapo Manga Why
10. Dek a Why
It can be seen how the questions word above in a sentence: Examples:
1. Dima aden tinggal? ‘Where do you live?’
2. Ba a kaba? ‘How are you?’
g. Numeral Word
In reduplication type 1, numeral word is used as basic form and it indicates iterative meaning.
From the data that has analyzed by the writer, numeral word in reduplication type 1 could not be found on the object, but according to some informants, numeral
word in reduplication type 1 could be found in Minangkabau language and they have iterative meaning.
Examples: ciek-ciek ‘one by one’
saparampek-saparampek ‘a quarter by a quarter’
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4.1.2 Type R-2 Basic Form+R preposition Reduplication that followed by changing in vowel, consonant or consonant vowel
In type 2, the basic repetition of basic form is followed by changing of phonemes. It can be changed only vocal, only a consonant or a consonant or a
consonant and vocal. From the data that has analyzed by the writer, the type of reduplication type 2
could not be found on the object, but actually the kind of reduplication type 2 could be found in Minangkabau language.
Examples: sayua-mayua ‘vegetables’
caruik-maruik ‘obscene’ hiruak-pikuak ‘crowded’
We could see how the repetitions above are used in sentence below: 1
Sayua-mayua di pasa ateh sado alahnya rancak
‘All vegetables in Pasar atas are good.’ 2
Nyo marah sampai caruik maruik ka adiaknyo. ‘He gets mad obscenely to his little sister.’
3
Malam tahun baru taraso hiruak-pikuak di lapanagan.
‘In the night of new year, the field is crowded.’
4.1.3 Type R-3 Basic Form + Reduplication + ber-
Basic Form + Reduplication +
There are some parts of speech that can be used in this type, such as:
ba-
a. Verb
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Reduplication in this type consists of a verb that indicate action or commonly it called intransitive verbs and the meanings of this repetition is iterative
continuously and doing something without purpose.
Repetition Meaning
Analysis
bagalak-galak Laughing
indicates action that is acted continuously balari-lari
Jogging indicates action that is acted continuously
batangka-tangka quarrel
indicates action that is acted continuously baguluik-guluik
indicates action that is acted continuously babeleng-beleng
swinging indicates action that is acted continuously
babisiak-bisiak whispering
indicates action that is acted continuously bakoba-koba
blazing indicates action that is acted continuously
bakato-kato Say
indicates action that is acted continuously bajalan-jalan
walking around
indicates action that is acted continuously
bacando-cando joking
indicates action that is acted continuously baolok-olok
ridicule indicates action that is acted continuously
barameh-ameh put on gold
indicates action that is acted continuously badarai-darai
drip indicates action that is acted continuously
badotiak-dotiak ticking
indicates action that is acted continuously
From the object that have analyzed, all of verbs in the object that are used in reduplication type 3 indicates action that are acted continuously. We could see the
words are used in the sentences below Examples:
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1
Indak mungkin kito dokoh, sarangno babeleng-beleng, samiang hampia bih
jatuah awak. ‘We can’t stay here, the nest has swung, it will fall down.’
The word babeleng-beleng indicates action that is acted continuously. 2
Kok indak badotiak-dotiak tulang pungguang den tinjakan antahnyo.
‘His back bone is broken because I stand on it.’
The word badotiak-dotiak indicates action that acts continuously.
From the sentence above, it can be seen how the verb in reduplication type 3 is used to state the action that acts continuously.
b. Noun
