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c. Enhancement x
It means one clause enhances the meaning of another by qualifying it with some circumstantial features on time, place, cause, condition, reason,
purpose or concession. Table 2.6 Enhancement
5 The city will extend the smoking ban in public places and buildings
after finding α
X Taken from the data analysis text 1
2. Projection
It is a logico-semantic relation of clause complex that one clause projects the others in verbal and idea, like in reported speech: direct and indirect speech.
a. Locution
It is the verbal projection that verbal and verbal behaviors are signed by verb: say, tell, ask, claim, suggest, etc and locution is
symbolized by “. Table 2.7 Locution
17 The BPLHD [he] said would make an assessment
1 ”2
Taken from the data analysis text 1
b. Idea
It is the mental projection in cognition and perception signed by verb: understand, realize, see and idea is
symbolized by ‘. Table 2.8 Idea
The Jakarta Environment Management Board BPLHD [head of law enforcement
[Ridwan Panjaitan]] said his office would revise the
2005 gubernatorial decree α
‘ Taken from the data analysis text 1
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1 MOOD System and Structure
Mood system expresses interpersonal meaning realized by four classifications: giving goods service that is signed by indicative, declarative
Ex: here’s the book, giving information that is signed by indicative, declarative Ex: this is the book, demanding goods service that is signed by imperative
phrase Ex: find the book, and the last one is demanding information that is signed by interrogative phrase Ex: is this the book?. Mood system can be seen
in the following figure: Figure 2.2 Mood System
Indicative Declarative SF
SF Interrogative FS
Polar Mood system
FS Imperative P
Wh WhFS
Adapted from Santosa, 2003: 109 Mood structure realizes the interpersonal meaning. It refers to the
participant interaction classified in two aspects: giving and demanding. It also shows a semantic meaning of clause whether it is proposition or proposal.
Proposition is used to exchange the information while proposal enables the exchange of good and service.
Table 2.9 Mood Structure Good service
Information Giving
Demanding Here’s the book
Find the book This is the book
Is this the book?
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Proposal Proposition
Ibid: 108
2 Polarity and Modality System
a. Polarity System
Polarity, according to Halliday, is the choice between positive and negative. It is particularly expressed in the Finite element, for Finite verbal
operator has two forms: positive and negative. The positive form is like in is, was, has, can, etc while the negative one is the positive form added by
„not‟, such is not, was not, has not, cannot. The positive polarity is considered as unmarked
theme and the negative one is marked theme. For example Taken from the data analysis:
1.
93 percent of the respondents were aware of the regulations positive polarity.
2.
I don’t like being surrounded by smoke negative polarity. b.
Modality System
Halliday mentions that modality system is defined as the speaker’s
judgment of the probabilities or the obligation, involved what heshe is saying 1985: 86. It relates to the modality clause such as must, will, etc. Modality
system is used to know whether the clause belongs to the preposition meaning or proposal meaning Santosa, 2003: 112. Modality stands in the middle of the
positive and negative polarity clauses and generally modality is divided into three degrees; they are high must, medium will and low may.
Modality consists of two types: modalization and modulation. Modalization expresses proposition meaning and it is divided into two, probability
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and usuality while modulation expresses the proposal meaning which consists of two types, obligation and inclination.
Figure 2.3 Modality System MODALIZATION
Indicative types [probability] [usuality]
It is Certainly always
Probably usually Possibly sometimes
It isn’t Positive
negative MODULATION
imperative type [obligation] [inclination]
Do Required determined
Supposed keen Allowed willing
Don’t
Adapted from Halliday, 1985: 335 Besides, modalization and modulation can be signed by clauses or verb
groups, for instance I think she is a good girl. The word think shows low probability. Modality usually can be seen from modal adjunct like probably,
possibly, maybe, generally, etc, for example generally, the crisis will end when there is a political agreement. The word generally shows medium usuality of
modalization Santosa, 2003: 113-114.
3 Theme System
Halliday in Eggins states that theme is the element which serves as “the
starting- point for the message: it is what the clause is going to be about”. It means
theme gives the main information that mentions somewhere in the text or is
It must be It will be
It may be Must do
Will do May do
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familiar from the context. Theme is the element which comes first in the clause 1994: 274. Continuously, there are three types of theme: Topical theme,
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