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d. Catalytic Validity It is related to the extent to which the research allows participants to deepen
their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make changes within it.
e. Dialogic validity It is related to the extent that parallels the process of collaborative enquiry or
reflective dialogue with critical friend or other participants. Asking the teacher to act as an observer who observe and report the s
tudents‟ interaction during the teaching and learning process will fulfill this criterion.
2. Data reliability
Triangulation technique was used to obtain the trustworthiness. Burns 1999: 164 proposes 4 triangulation techniques, and three of them were used in
this research study. They are presented as follows: a. Time triangulation
Time triangulation means that the data are collected over period of time. It is done to get a sense of what factors are involved in change processes. In this
research, the actions were done from May to June 2013. b. Theoretical triangulation
Theoretical triangulation means that the data are analyzed from more than one perspective and from some theoretical views. In this research, the researcher
reviewed the theories from some experts of some books.
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c. Investigator triangulation In this form, more than one observer was used in the same research setting. It
was done to avoid the bias observation. There were three observers in this study, i.e. the researcher himself, the English teacher, and the collaborator.
G. Procedure of the Research
This research was conducted in two cycles to see the improvement of the classroom interaction process. There were four stages in every cycle to conduct
action research, namely reconnaissance or fact finding, planning, implementing the actions and observing, and reflecting.
1. Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance is the first step in an action research. In this step, the problems were identified based on the observation and interview. Then, the other
research team members the headmaster, the English teacher, and the students collaboratively gave their ideas, opinions, and suggestions to formulate the
problems. After that, the researcher selected the problems which would be solved.
2. Planning
The research members worked collaboratively in planning some actions to improve classroom interaction in the English teaching-learning process through
communicative tasks to the 8
th
grade students of SMPN 3 Wates.
