Objectives of the Research The significance of the Research

passive and it does not just happen because both speaker and listener actively and consciously engage in a conversation in order to develop and exchange information, meaning and understanding. Communication is dynamic because it involves a variety of activities that must be communicative overtime. Communication is an interactive process because there are two communication agents involved in its process; sender and receiver. They give influences on each other responses. According to Savignon 1983: 8, he says that communication is also defined as a continued process of expression, interpretation and negotiation. Therefore, communication involves at least two people to exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings through expression, interpretation and negotiation. Meanwhile, Cameron 2001: 40 says that speaking is the active use of language to express meanings so that other people can understand them. It means that speaking is a productive skill that involves an active interaction between the speaker and listener to deliver meanings or information. According to Nunan 1989: 32, the successful oral communication involves: 1 The ability to articulate phonological features of the language comprehensibly. 2 Mastery of stress, rhythm and intonation patterns. 3 An acceptable degree of fluency 4 Transactional and interpersonal skills 5 Skills in taking short and long speaking turns 6 Skills in management of interaction 7 Skills in negotiating meaning 8 Conversational listening skill successful conversations require good listeners as well as good speakers 9 Skills in knowing about and negotiating purposes for conversations 10 Using appropriate conversational formulae and fillers. From the factors above, it suggests that to teach speaking skills, teachers should start with the smallest units of language e.g. individual sounds and then move to the larger units mastery of words and sentences to put in a discourse with specific situation. Besides, it must be noticed that in speaking, based on the factors above, people are not only producing sounds but also achieving some goals that require the speaker and listener actively engage in a good conversation to exchange and negotiate purposes for the conversation. It can be concluded that communication is an interaction between two or more people in order to exchange information, ideas, feelings, and understanding by resulting responses. Communication is also an interaction between speaker and listener that involves the process of interpreting and negotiate meaning through spoken language. By using spoken language people are able to talk and interact actively with others in a life situation or in a real conversation.

2. Teaching Speaking in Junior High School

Brown 2001: 91 states that teenagers are high school-age children whose age ranging between twelve and eighteen years old. Teenagers are amazing age groups who are really enthusiastic to learn something new and challenging. They are more learning through interaction and activity rather than by listening. They have full of energy so that they need some physical activities and movement not only keep sitting down during the lesson. Responding to these characteristics, teachers can vary instructional methods to allow teenagers more physical activities and movement.