Access arrangements

1.3 Access arrangements

Access arrangements are pre-exam arrangements made on behalf of a candidate with particular needs to: • access the assessment

• show what they know and can do without changing the demands of the assessment. There are three groups of access arrangements, each with their own application form and deadlines.

Cambridge Associates should agree earlier deadline dates with their Associate Centres. This will give them time to process their applications and send them on to us.

Group 1: Non-delegated Group 2: Centre-

Group 3: Modified

access arrangements.

delegated access

papers. Before you

You must apply for our

arrangements. You

apply, you must have

submitted a final entry for our approval, to use these. supporting evidence, if you the relevant candidate,

permission, and wait for

must notify us, and keep

syllabus and component. Form

use these.

Access Arrangements:

Centre-Delegated Access

Modified Papers: Preparation

Preparation – Form 1

Arrangements: Preparation

– Form 3

– Form 4

June series application

21 January 2018 deadline

21 January 2018

31 March 2018

1 July 2018 application deadline

November series

1 July 2018

31 August 2018

Cambridge Primary May series: 21 January 2018 May series: 31 March 2018 May series: 21 January 2018 and Lower Secondary October series: 1 July 2018 October series: 31 August

October series: 1 July 2018 Checkpoint deadline

1.3.1 What are access arrangements?

Regulations

We recognise that although some candidates cope with the learning demands of a course and demonstrate

(a) The Head of Centre is responsible for making attainment in the skills being assessed, they still face

sure that their applications are based on firm barriers when it comes to the standard assessment.

evidence of the barrier to assessment and that if approval is granted their centre follows

Such barriers may result from: the relevant regulations when using the

• a permanent or long-term disability, illness or arrangements. Failure to keep to the regulations learning difficulty

could be considered malpractice. • a temporary disability or illness.

You must notify us and/or apply for access The purpose of an access arrangement is to remove

(b)

arrangements for each new exam series. We unnecessary barriers to the standard assessment,

cannot carry over approval from a previous without compromising the standards being tested,

series.

so that the candidate can be recognised for their attainment. For some subjects certain access

1.3.2 What types of access arrangements are

arrangements are not available. A candidate may require a particular type of access arrangement in one

available?

type of assessment but not in another. The arrangements available in each group are listed in the table shown on the next page. The section numbers show where you can find full details of the regulations for each arrangement. There may be other arrangements that are not listed. If this is the case please contact us to discuss whether the arrangements are appropriate for the assessment concerned.

If you are an Associate Centre contact Cambridge International through your Cambridge Associate.

26 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

Group 1: Non-delegated access

Group 2: Centre-delegated

Group 3: Modified papers arrangements

access arrangements

See section 1.3.7 See section 1.3.5

See section 1.3.6

Alternative venue (for example,

Braille contracted/uncontracted candidate’s home or hospital)

Background music

Section 1.3.6.1

Section 2.6 E-texts for literature exams

Colour naming

Coloured paper

Section 1.3.5.2

Section 1.3.6.2

Extra time over 25 per cent

Coloured overlays

Enlarged font

Section 1.3.5.3

Section 1.3.6.3

A3 or A4 18 point bold

Practical assistant

Extra time up to 25 per cent (not

Enlarged paper (modified)

Section 1.3.5.4

permitted in syllabuses where

A3 18 point bold

time is the focus of the exam, for example, practical exams) Section 1.3.6.4

Simplified carrier language Section 1.3.5.5

Reader including a computer reader

Live speakers

Tactile diagrams

Section 1.3.5.6

Section 1.3.6.6

Voice-activated software (for

Reading aloud

Transcript of listening CDs

example, JAWS, which acts as a

Section 1.3.6.7

Section 1.3.6.5

reader and/or scribe) Section 1.3.5.7

Word processor with spell check

Reading pens

enabled

Section 1.3.5.5 (s)

Section 1.3.6.13 (h) Exemptions from specific

Separate invigilation

components, for example speaking

Section 1.3.6.8

and listening tests Section 1.3.5.8

Simple translation dictionaries (if permitted by the syllabus) Section 1.3.6.9

Supervised rest breaks Section 1.3.6.10

Transcript of candidate’s work Section 1.3.6.11

Visual aids (for example, magnifying glasses) Section 1.3.6.12

Word processor, computer or electronic typewriter Section 1.3.6.13

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 27

1.3.3 The criteria for approving access

route is available within the syllabus and you can ask

arrangement applications

for our advice on how to approach the subject. When we approve access arrangement applications or

(d) Each Cambridge International qualification has a set review evidence for the use of centre-delegated access

of assessment objectives. Please refer to the relevant arrangements, we are guided by two sets of criteria:

syllabus for details.

• General criteria: these are at a high level and apply (e) If there is no alternative because the impairment regardless of the type of assessment the candidate is

relates to a fundamental part of the assessment, the taking.

candidate may not be able to score enough marks • to justify entering for an exam. The candidate can

Assessment criteria: these are used when looking at still study the course without being assessed as long the specific assessment for which the candidate is as they are fully aware that they will not be able to using access arrangements. meet the assessment objectives and therefore that

Details of all criteria, including criteria you must follow they will not get a result at the end of the course. when working with candidates who require access

(f) When working with candidates with known arrangements, are listed below. permanent disabilities or learning difficulties you

1.3.3.1 General criteria should make them aware of the range of subject options open to them. Identify subjects in which

(a) We assess all candidates according to the same they can cover the course and demonstrate marking criteria, so that their grades and certificates attainment across the whole assessment. have the same validity and are a true reflection of

each candidate’s attainment. The examples below show how our assessment objectives determine whether a candidate is allowed to

(b) Access arrangements must not give the candidate an

use access arrangements.

unfair advantage over others. (c) We will not allow access arrangements if they affect

Example 1

A candidate with severe cerebral palsy enjoys her (d) English not being the candidate’s first language is

the competence standard being tested.

design and technology course but cannot use her not a valid reason for an application.

hands. She cannot design independently. As such abilities constitute a large proportion of the whole

(e) You must consider a candidate’s usual methods of qualification, she decides not to enter for this learning and producing work when making decisions

particular subject. The assessment objectives are about whether to apply for access arrangements.

designing and making, so no adjustment can be (f) You must determine whether access arrangements

made.

are appropriate, and if so, which type is required in relation to the defined needs of individual

Example 2

candidates.

A candidate with severe dyslexia wants to take (g) You are responsible for any costs associated with

English language and foreign language exams but using access arrangements.

cannot read or write adequately. As the assessment

1.3.3.2 Assessment criteria objectives being tested in these subjects include reading and writing, he cannot have an adjustment

(a) Access arrangements must not compromise the in the form of a reader in the reading papers. A competence standards being assessed, and therefore computer reader, reading pen or additional time we do restrict them in certain syllabuses. may be available instead. It is not possible to use a

(b) If you have a candidate with a known permanent scribe in the written papers for foreign languages, disability or learning difficulty you must talk to us

unless the candidate is able to dictate the responses before they start any of our courses to make sure

letter by letter, including all punctuation. The centre appropriate access arrangements are available for

must decide whether or not to enter him for these the associated assessments.

subjects on the basis of how much he could complete independently.

(c) Some types of impairment affect the candidate’s ability to demonstrate one or more of the assessment objectives of the course. You must make candidates aware if they are choosing a course where they will not be able to gain credit in all parts of the assessment. In some cases, an alternative

28 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

Example 3

1.3.4.4 Learning disabilities

A candidate with learning disabilities could apply: in painting. Mouth or foot painting might be

A candidate with no hands wants to take art exams

• for an extra time allowance of up to 25 per cent acceptable, but the candidate cannot do either and

• to use a reader

wants another person to paint at her instruction. This

• to use a word processor

is not allowed as the assessment objective is the skill of painting.

• to use a prompter • to use a modified paper.

1.3.4 Guidance on meeting individual

1.3.5 Non-delegated access

access needs

arrangements

This section gives examples of access arrangements (a) The Head of Centre or exams officer must apply that may be appropriate for candidates with particular

for our permission to use non-delegated access needs. It is a good place to start if you are thinking

arrangements.

about the type of access arrangements that might be appropriate for a particular candidate.

(b) You must send us evidence of the candidate's need(s). This should be dated within three years

1.3.4.1 Physical disabilities of the exam and verified by an appropriate Candidates with physical disabilities could apply:

professional, for example, a medical professional or a suitably qualified specialist teacher.

• for an extra time allowance of 25 per cent • (c) The medical professional or a suitably qualified

for supervised rest breaks specialist teacher must have signed the evidence and • to use a scribe included details of their relevant qualifications.

• to use a word processor (d) We may accept a report written by a teacher with no • to use a practical assistant. formal special needs qualifications, providing they

1.3.4.2 Visual impairments can evidence at least five years’ work experience in the area of special educational needs.

Candidates with visual impairments could apply: (e) The application and the supporting evidence must

• for an extra time allowance of 25 per cent or more

be in English. Any translated evidence must be • for supervised rest breaks

signed by the original author, a legal representative, • to use a reader

or by the Head of Centre and one other member of • to use a scribe

staff.

• to use a word processor (f) Friends and relatives of the candidate should not • to use a practical assistant

supply any of the supporting evidence. Where this is • unavoidable a senior member of centre staff must

to use a modified paper

countersign and authorise the evidence.

• to use colour naming. (g) The evidence must contain literacy assessments for

1.3.4.3 Communication difficulties the candidate. When using the Detailed Assessment In speaking tests you should give a candidate who can

of Speed of Handwriting to assess a candidate’s speak, but with difficulty, enough time to answer. No

writing speed you must only use the writing speed formal request for extra time is necessary.

subtest. Do not use the composite score derived from all the subtests. Please contact us for advice

Candidates with communication difficulties could apply: if you have any questions about assessing a • for separate invigilation

candidate’s writing speed.

• to use headphones in a listening exam, see section (h) The Head of Centre, exams officer or Cambridge

5.7.2 Associate, in the case of Associate Centres, needs to • to use live speakers reading from a transcript

Associate • to use a sign language interpreter

sign the form before it is submitted.

Centres should submit their completed forms to • their Cambridge Associate.

to use modified papers. (i) We review all applications on an individual basis.

We do not allow the use of oral language modifiers for We will reply in writing to all applications. If your any exams.

application is approved we will confirm and advise

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 29 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 29

centre-delegated access arrangement. See section (j) If we approve the application, it is up to the Head of

1.3.6.4 for more information. Centre to decide whether the candidate needs to use

1.3.5.4 Practical assistant

the arrangements in all the requested assessments (a) Candidates may be allowed to use a practical as they may not need the same degree of assistance assistant if they suffer from disabilities or conditions in every subject. which prevent them from carrying out parts of the

This section explains the regulations you must follow for

assessment themselves.

specific non-delegated access arrangements. (b) If a candidate needs to use a practical assistant, you

1.3.5.1 Alternative venue must submit the application form with the relevant You can apply for a candidate to take an exam at an

supporting evidence. The candidate cannot use the alternative venue, for example if the candidate is in

assistant until the application has been approved. hospital or home educated for medical reasons. Please

(c) A practical assistant is a responsible adult who, in see section 2.6 for more information.

coursework and/or in an exam, carries out practical tasks at the instruction of the candidate. They:

1.3.5.2 E-texts for literature exams • make sure candidates are safe (a) In exams where access to set texts is allowed, you

can apply for our permission for a candidate to use • report visual observations at the candidate’s

electronic copies of set texts.

instruction • carry out some or all of the manual tasks

(b) You should apply for this arrangement as far in contributing to the practical exam, at the advance of the relevant exam as possible.

candidate’s instruction

(c) You must specify the type of device to be used when • must not comment on any of the candidate’s you apply.

answers

(d) You are responsible for ensuring that the device • must not give any factual help or indicate when a being used is cleared of all previous data,

task is complete

applications and software; any internal dictionaries • must not advise the candidate about which must be deleted or disabled and all internet or

practical questions to answer, when to move on external network connections must be disabled.

to the next question, or the order in which they (e) We will provide additional guidance if your

should answer questions. If the practical assistant application is approved.

is also acting as a prompter they should refer to section 1.3.6.6.

1.3.5.3 Extra time over 25 per cent • must carry out accurately what the candidate has (a) We will only give permission for an extra time

asked them to do, unless it is dangerous allowance of more than 25 per cent in exceptional

• must follow these regulations as failure to do so cases. By ‘exceptional cases’ we mean that a

can lead to the disqualification of the candidate. candidate: Practical assistants must not help with the analysis • has multiple disabilities

of data or answers to questions. • has a very severe physical disability or illness

(d) You must seek advice at the beginning of the course • is visually impaired and/or needs to use Braille about whether using a practical assistant will affect papers

the assessment criteria and therefore the candidate’s • cannot use another type of access arrangement

ability to demonstrate attainment. because of specific syllabus restrictions.

(e) The use of a practical assistant should reflect the (b) It is important to remember that if the exam is too

candidate’s usual way of working, except in cases of long, it can be damaging to a candidate’s condition,

temporary injury to the writing hand or arm. so please seek medical advice before applying for

(f) The use of a practical assistant must not over 25 per cent extra time. We cannot accept disadvantage the candidate or give them an responsibility for any ill effects caused by any access unfair advantage. The practical assistant is used arrangements you request. to enable the candidate to show their knowledge,

(c) We recommend you allow candidates to take

understanding and skills.

supervised rest breaks if they have an extra time allowance of over 25 per cent.

30 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

(g) A practical assistant is not a reader or scribe, but

(b) We usually allow readers:

the same person may act as a reader, scribe and/ • for permanently or temporarily visually impaired or practical assistant if the candidate has our

candidates who cannot read a Braille/enlarged permission to use these access arrangements.

paper independently

(h) We will not allow a practical assistant in subjects • where the candidate’s reading skills (accuracy, testing design or artistic skills (for example, music,

speed, comprehension) have been measured in art or design and technology), where the practical

a test by an educational psychologist, a clinical skill is the focus of the assessment. If the candidate

psychologist, an occupational psychologist or a only needs minimal assistance please contact us to

specialist teacher and are in the below average discuss their needs.

range. ‘Below average’ is a technical definition (i) The practical assistant is appointed by and

which means one deviation below the mean on responsible to the Head of Centre/exams officer.

a nationally standardised test taken within three They must be known and accepted by the candidate

years of the exam series. It does not mean ‘below and capable of reading the material involved.

average standard’ in a particular centre. Please

A practical assistant should not usually be the contact us for advice if you have any questions candidate’s own subject teacher and must not be a

about assessing a candidate’s reading skills. relative, friend or peer.

(c) Using a reader should reflect the candidate’s usual (j) Make sure that other candidates are not disturbed

way of working, except in cases of temporary injury. by the assistant or the candidate. If you put the

(d) The reader may read numbers printed in figures as candidate and practical assistant in a separate

words. For example they should read 252 as ‘two exam room, they will need a separate invigilator.

hundred and fifty-two’ but at the point of reading See section 1.3.6.8.

the number they should also point to it on the paper. centre-delegated arrangement is being used.

You must notify us if this

An exception would be when the question is asking (k) If the practical assistant is also acting as a reader

for a number to be written in words (for example, and/or scribe, they may also read back the

‘Write the number 3675 in words’).

candidate’s answers at the candidate’s request. (e) The reader may read back, when requested, what the The examples below show how using a practical

candidate has written in the answer.

assistant can support candidates with particular needs. (f) A reader is not a scribe, but the same person may act as both reader and scribe if the candidate has our

Example 1

permission for both arrangements.

A candidate who has a severe tremor in both hands (g) The reader may, if requested, give the spelling of a cannot safely perform any science practical activity.

word which appears on the question paper. Apart She applies for a practical assistant. She is credited

from this they must not give spellings.

with marks for planning, evaluation and observations, but she cannot gain marks for using techniques,

(h) The reader may enable a visually impaired candidate apparatus and materials.

to identify diagrams, graphs and tables, but must not give factual information or offer any suggestions, other than to give information which would be

Example 2

available to sighted candidates.

A candidate has hemiplegia affecting his left side. (i) We will not allow a reader if the request is based on He is right-handed. He needs a practical assistant in English not being the candidate’s first language. science to hold equipment steady while he performs

Human readers are not allowed for language as a second hand where two hands are needed.

practical tasks. The practical assistant is acting only

(j)

papers or sections of language papers that test The candidate does not lose any marks for using

reading. Instead, you may apply for 25 per cent extra apparatus and materials because he performs by

time, or the use of a computer reader, or reading himself those skills which are being assessed.

pen. (k) The reader must only read the instructions and

1.3.5.5 Reader questions on the question paper(s) and must not (a) If a candidate needs to use a reader, you must

explain or clarify the meaning of the words. In some submit the application form together with the

cases the understanding of the written word may be relevant evidence. They cannot use a reader until the

the skill being examined.

application has been approved.

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 31

(l) The reader must not advise the candidate which (s) Reading pens are centre-delegated access questions to answer, when to move on to the next

arrangements. They must not have an in-built question, or the order in which to answer questions.

dictionary or thesaurus, or data-storage facility. All If the reader is also acting as a prompter, they should

pens must be checked before the exam to make sure refer to section 1.3.6.6.

they comply with these requirements. (m) The reader must not decode symbols and unit

(t) Readers for the visually impaired:

• must read, as often as requested, the questions squared’ but simply point to the function, since

abbreviations. For example, do not read 2 2 as ‘two

and the answers already recorded part of the assessment is recognising what the

superscript 2 means. Similarly, if the symbol > is • must, if asked, give information about how much

printed, do not read it as ‘greater than’ but simply time has passed and how much time remains point to it.

• are allowed to help a candidate using tactile maps, diagrams, graphs and tables to get the

(n) The Head of Centre must provide readers information that the print/amended print copy who are responsible adults, and fully understand would give to a sighted candidate the regulations of being a reader. A reader reads

the questions to the candidate. This may involve • must, if requested, give the spelling of a word

reading the whole paper or only the words that which occurs in the question paper or in the the candidate requests. The reader must follow the

coursework material – they must not give other regulations set out in this handbook.

spellings • must immediately refer any problems, including

(o) The reader is appointed by and responsible to the issues with communication, to the invigilator. Head of Centre/exams officer. They must be known

and accepted by the candidate and capable of (u) If a candidate with a temporary injury needs a reader reading the material involved. The reader must not

you must follow the instructions for emergency

be the candidate’s own subject teacher, or a relative, access arrangements detailed in section 1.3.8. friend, or peer.

(v) Apply for modified language papers and the use of a (p) Make sure that other candidates cannot overhear or

reader for any candidate who meets the criteria for

a reader, and who is usually supported through sign and reader in a separate exam room, they will need

be disturbed by the reader. If you put the candidate

language. A sign language interpreter can help the

candidate to understand the rubric only and must must notify us if this centre-delegated arrangement

a separate invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.

You

take care to sign exactly what is written without is being used.

changing the meaning, adding any information, or providing an explanation of what the rubric requires

(q) If a candidate is not allowed a reader they can take of the candidate. Where a sign is iconographic and their exam in a separate room so they can read conveys the meaning of a technical or subject- aloud, particularly where this is their normal way of specific word which is being tested, the word working. In these cases you must provide a separate should be pointed to on the question paper, or invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.

You must notify

may be finger spelled. It is important that any sign us if this centre-delegated arrangement is being language interpreter used in an assessment knows used. the sign language of the candidate, and the signs

(r) We will allow a computer reader if the have been used throughout the course of study. candidate is eligible for a reader. The software must

You are responsible for selecting an appropriate sign not decode or interpret the paper or give nuance

language interpreter.

to the text. A computer reader is allowed in papers testing reading and is an acceptable alternative to

Extra guidance

a human reader in language exams as it allows the candidate to independently meet the requirements

We recommend you make any candidates of the reading standards. Please check the non-

using a reader in an exam aware of what the interactive PDF provided is compatible with

reader can and cannot do before the candidate the software by downloading a past paper from

takes their first exam. Download Instructions www.cambridgeinternational.org. When requesting

for Readers from the ‘Running exams’ page at

a computer reader you must tell us which syllabus www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday and components the candidate is taking so we can upload the correct electronic PDF. See Preparation – Form 1 for full guidance.

32 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

1.3.5.6 Scribe • candidates with a permanent physical disability or recent injury who are unable to write.

(a) If a candidate needs to use a scribe, you must submit the application form together with the

Please contact us for advice if you have any relevant evidence. They cannot use a scribe until

questions about assessing a candidate’s spelling the application has been approved.

The Head

accuracy or writing speed.

of Centre must provide scribes who are responsible (g) The scribe is appointed by and responsible to the adults, and fully understand the regulations of being

Head of Centre/exams officer. They must be known

a scribe. and accepted by the candidate and capable of (b) A scribe can be used in coursework and/or in exams,

reading the material involved. A scribe must not be but not in speaking tests. A scribe writes down or

the candidate’s own subject teacher, relative, friend word processes a candidate’s dictated answers. If a

or peer.

candidate dictates answers onto a tape you must (h) We recommend that a candidate using a scribe produce a transcript. Candidates must respond in takes the exam in a separate room. However, if the English. candidate and scribe are in the same room as other

(c) Candidates are eligible to use a scribe if they suffer candidates, make sure that the other candidates from long-term or temporary disabilities that

cannot overhear or be disturbed by the candidate or prevent them from communicating by any other

scribe. If the candidate and scribe are in a separate means. If writing is a skill which is being tested, the

exam room, they will need a separate invigilator. candidate must dictate all spelling and punctuation

You must notify us if this in their responses to the scribe. You must use Exam

See section 1.3.6.8.

centre-delegated arrangement is being used. Day – Form 4 to describe in full all the help given

(i) A scribe:

to the candidate by the scribe, including help with spelling. Candidates cannot use a scribe in certain

• must write down or word process accurately language syllabuses where it is not possible to

what the candidate says (except in an exam dictate responses.

requiring word processing, in which case we will not allow a scribe)

(d) Using a scribe should reflect the candidate’s usual

way of working, except in cases of temporary injury. may, at the request of the candidate, read back what has been written but must make no

(e) A scribe is not a reader, but the same person may act comment about any part of the answer given as both scribe and reader as long as the candidate

• must draw or add to maps, diagrams and graphs has our permission for both arrangements.

strictly in accordance with the candidate’s (f) We will allow a scribe in certain subjects

instructions, unless the candidate is taking a for candidates who cannot produce written

design paper, in which case we will only allow a communication by any other means, for example,

scribe to assist with written parts of the paper word processing or Braille input. For exam purposes,

• must write or word process a correction on a this means:

typescript or Braille sheet only if requested to do • candidates whose writing speed or spelling

so by the candidate

accuracy have been measured in a test by an • must immediately refer any problems, including educational psychologist, clinical or occupational

issues with communication, to the invigilator psychologist, or specialist teacher and are in

• must not give factual help to the candidate or the below average range. ‘Below average’ is a

indicate when the answer is complete technical definition which means one deviation

• must not advise the candidate about which below the mean on a nationally standardised

questions to answer, when to move on to the test taken within three years of the exam series.

next question, or about the order in which to It does not mean ‘below average standard’ in a

answer questions. If the scribe is also acting as a particular centre.

prompter they should refer to section 1.3.6.6. • candidates whose free writing cannot be read by

• must follow these regulations as failure to do others, is grammatically incomprehensible or is

so could lead to the disqualification of the produced so slowly that answers cannot be fully

candidate.

recorded even with the extra time allowed • candidates whose handwriting speed (words per

(j) The centre must attach Exam Day – Form 4 to each minute) is in the ‘below average’ range for their

script. Use this cover sheet to explain whether age

graphs and diagrams were completed by the candidate or by the scribe. The scribe must sign the

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 33 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 33

Example 2

Centre or the exams officer. Attach a copy of our permission letter to use a scribe to the cover sheet.

A candidate with severe dyspraxia cannot use a word processor because she has poor motor skills. She can

(k) We do not allow a scribe in subjects testing dictate words in her chosen language exam letter by writing, such as language writing papers, unless the letter. She is permitted a scribe, but must dictate in candidate can dictate the words letter by letter. the language by spelling out words letter by letter. The candidate’s dictation may be taped. This will In other subjects, she is permitted simply to dictate help the candidate to get the flow of the particular without spelling out the words, unless they are language. When the candidate has finished dictating uncommon ones. Her marks are credited for the skills their response the tape may be re-run, enabling the

she has demonstrated.

candidate to give the exact spellings of the words dictated. In such circumstances, you may allow extra time of up to 100 per cent.

Extra guidance

(l) In language writing tests candidates are marked for the quality of their language, which covers not only

We recommend you make any candidates the range and complexity, but also the accuracy

using a scribe in an exam aware of what the of the language. It is therefore essential for the

scribe can and cannot do before the candidate candidate to spell out the words, letter by letter,

takes their first exam. Download Instructions in such exams. Similarly in language listening and

for Scribes from the ‘Running exams’ page at reading tests, marks are awarded for comprehension.

www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday Sometimes the spelling of a word in a language can

indicate a particular tense and this can be important

1.3.5.7 Voice-activated software when it comes to marking the script.

Where the centre has approval for the use of a scribe (m) In other subjects testing written communication

and where it reflects the candidate’s normal way of skills we will allow a scribe. In such cases we will

working within the centre, as appropriate to his/her assess the candidate only on those aspects of

needs, the candidate may alternatively use: written communication which are demonstrated

• speech recognition technology with predictive text independently, such as the use of language and when the candidate dictates into a word processor. grammar. If separate marks are awarded in an exam Software (such as read and write software) may for spelling and punctuation, these usually cannot be

be used to read back and correct the candidate’s credited to a candidate using a scribe. However, we dictated answers. Please note this arrangement may award marks for punctuation and spelling if this will not be permitted in language specifications is dictated, and is noted on the cover sheet.

including English.

(n) If a candidate with a temporary injury needs a scribe • computer software, producing speech, which is you must follow the instructions for emergency

used to dictate to a scribe. However, the candidate access arrangements detailed in section 1.3.8.

will not have access to marks awarded for spelling, (o) Candidates must not answer written questions using

punctuation and grammar.

sign language in any syllabus including using sign In all cases, the centre must complete and attach Exam language to ‘dictate’ answers to a scribe.

Day – Form 4 to each candidate’s script. Do not use The examples below show how using a scribe can

Exam Day – Form 5, which is the cover sheet for word support candidates with particular needs.

processors.

1.3.5.8 Exemptions

Example 1

We need to carefully balance the requirement to make

A candidate with severe cerebral palsy has no use sure our qualifications are accessible to candidates with of his hands. He cannot use speech recognition the need to protect the integrity of the qualification. software because his speech is indistinct. It is too Exemptions may be appropriate in a few extreme cases, difficult for him to spell out each word letter by but we will only consider them as a last resort when all letter. He is allowed to use a scribe in all subjects other reasonable adjustments have been made. except language writing papers where writing in the

language is being tested. (a) The candidate must still cover the course for assessment even if they are exempt from a particular component.

34 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

(b) We will not permit exemptions if they compromise • a psychological assessment carried out by a the validity of the qualification.

qualified psychologist confirming a learning (c) We will not allow exemptions from components

disability

which are the key objectives of the syllabus. • an assessment confirming a learning disability carried out by a specialist teacher who holds a

(d) To apply for an exemption, complete and return the

relevant qualification

first part of Preparation – Form 1 with supporting • a report written by a teacher who has no formal evidence of need. special needs qualification, but has had at least

(e) If your centre receives approval for an five years’ working experience in the area of exemption, you must mark the candidate as

special educational needs, as long as the report is absent on the attendance register for the exam.

authenticated by the Head of Centre.

The candidate will be awarded a calculated mark Candidates with medical, physical, mental or other ill provided they complete a minimum of 50 per cent health must have evidence in the form of a report, letter of the total assessment for each qualification, by or sick note. The evidence should cover the relevant component weighting, in the exam series in which

period of education for the assessment.

the award is being made. Carry-forward marks do not count towards this requirement.

This section explains the regulations you must follow for specific centre-delegated access arrangements.

1.3.6 Centre-delegated access arrangements

1.3.6.1 Background music

(a) You decide whether your candidate(s) can use any If a candidate requires low-level background music to of our centre-delegated access arrangements. You

be played during exams please contact us for advice. should consider:

If permitted:

• what medical or psychological evidence you (a) background music must not relate to the syllabus have for the candidate to support any centre-

being tested

delegated arrangements you plan to use (b) it must not distract other candidates in any way • the candidate’s normal ways of working and any

arrangements they use in the classroom (c) any music must be controlled and checked by the • centre.

the candidate’s performance in internal assessments, such as mock exams

1.3.6.2 Colour naming

• any previous difficulties the candidate has We allow colour-blind candidates to ask the invigilator experienced in relation to taking assessments.

to name colours. The invigilator cannot give any other (b) You must tell us if you plan to use any of our centre-

information. If the candidate usually uses a colour delegated access arrangements by submitting

chart, we will allow them to do so in both written and Preparation – Form 4. The Head of Centre, exams

practical exams.

officer or Cambridge Associate, in the case of

Example

Associate Centres, needs to sign the form before it is submitted.

A visually impaired candidate suffering from colour their completed forms to their Cambridge Associate.

Associate Centres should submit

blindness in a science practical exam may be told Cambridge Associates should agree earlier deadline

that a solution has changed in colour and what dates with their Associate Centres. This will give

colour it has changed to, but they must not be given them time to process their forms and send them on

any indication about what the change in colour to us.

represents.

(c) You must keep all evidence relating to centre- delegated access arrangements until the end of the

1.3.6.3 Coloured overlays

enquiries about results period. We regularly conduct Some visual perception difficulties are corrected by the centre-delegated sampling to check this. It will

use of tinted glasses or coloured overlays. You can allow

be considered malpractice if you do not have this

these if the candidate needs them.

evidence on file when requested.

1.3.6.4 Extra time up to 25 per cent

(d) You need one of the following types of evidence for candidates with learning difficulties who use centre-

(a) An extra time allowance of up to 25 per cent should delegated arrangements:

meet the needs of most candidates. The amount of extra time granted must reflect the extent to

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 35 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 35

observed before and after the exam. (b) Candidates eligible for extra time include those

1.3.6.6 Prompter

with permanent or temporary physical disabilities (a) You may allow the use of a prompter for candidates and those with a learning difficulty. Candidates

who have:

typically awarded extra time of up to 25 per cent will have results measured in tests of speed in a

• severe attention difficulties report conducted by an educational psychologist,

• a neurological or cognitive disability affecting

a clinical psychologist, occupational psychologist

attention

or suitably qualified teacher, and are shown to be

• little or no sense of time

below average. ‘Below average’ means one deviation below the mean on a nationally standardised test

• an obsessive-compulsive disorder which causes taken within three years of the exam series. It does

them to keep revising a question rather than not mean ‘below average standard’ in a particular

moving on to other questions. centre.

You should consider the use of a prompter if this (c) It is important to remember that prolonging the

reflects the candidate's usual way of working. For exam can be damaging to a candidate’s condition, so

a number of candidates in this category, it may be please seek medical advice before using up to 25 per

enough for the invigilator to act as the prompter, cent extra time. We cannot accept responsibility for

provided that the number of candidates in the exam any ill effects caused by any access arrangements

room is small enough.

you request or use. (b) A prompter is a responsible adult who may sit beside the candidate in order to keep the candidate focused

(d) For listening exams you must administer extra on the task in hand, and on the need to answer a time by pausing the recording. Contact us to request question and then move on to the next. our guidance document.

(e) You must apply for our permission for extra time (c) A prompter is not a reader, a scribe or a practical allowances of more than 25 per cent. See section

assistant, but the same person may act as these as

1.3.5.3 for more information. long as we have given our permission for each of these arrangements.

1.3.6.5 Live speakers (d) The prompter is appointed by and responsible to the

(a) If a hearing impaired candidate wants to use a live Head of Centre or exams officer and must be known speaker for pre-recorded exam components, it

and accepted by the candidate. should reflect their usual way of working.

(e) The prompter should not usually be the candidate’s (b) The Head of Centre must appoint the live speakers

own subject teacher. The prompter cannot be a presenting the listening component. The live

relative, friend or peer of the candidate. However, speakers must be fluent in the language in question

the prompter needs to be familiar enough with the – ideally they should be teachers of the language

candidate to recognise when their attention is no being assessed and known to the candidate.

longer on the task in hand.

(c) In order to use a live speaker for pre-recorded exam (f) A prompter must not speak to the candidate, components, you must also submit Preparation –

give factual help or offer suggestions. It may be Form 3 by the modified paper application deadline to

possible to say the candidate’s name or use certain request a transcript of the listening CD.

instructions written on prompt cards. Instructions (d) Ideally live speakers should work with only one or

must not help candidates with exam questions. two candidates. If this is not possible there should

Send any prompt cards you are planning to use to never be more than six candidates to one live

info@cambridgeinternational.org before the exam speaker. Candidates should be seated so they can all

so we can make sure they are acceptable. clearly see the live speaker. Invigilation should take

(g) A prompter must not advise the candidate about place in the usual way.

which questions to do, when to move on to the next (e) You should give the live speaker access to the CDs

question (unless they have finished the previous on the day of the exam at the Key Time, to allow

answer and their attention has wandered), or the them to prepare their role from the transcript and

order in which to answer questions. to hear the speed of delivery required. They must

(h) A prompter can attract the candidate’s attention not interpret the text in any way. During this time

by tapping on the desk or on the candidate’s arm, the candidates must be kept under Full Centre

depending on their usual practice, in order to remind

36 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 36 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

1.3.6.10 Supervised rest breaks

question. (a) You may allow supervised rest breaks in timed

(i) A prompter should be prepared for periods of

components in most subjects.

inactivity during the exam, but must remain vigilant (b) Candidates eligible for supervised rest breaks and refer any problems during the exam to the include those with permanent or temporary physical invigilator. disabilities and, in certain cases, those with a

(j) The prompter must follow the regulations. If they do

learning difficulty.

not the candidate may be disqualified. (c) You may give supervised rest breaks either in or

The examples below show how using a prompter can outside the exam room. The duration of the break support candidates with particular needs.

must not be included in the time allowed for the exam component. You should stop the clock when

Example 1

the candidate starts their rest break and start it

A candidate with obsessive-compulsive disorder goes again when the rest break is over. In certain cases over the first question again and again. The prompter

the candidate may require extra time as well as taps on the desk every quarter of an hour. The

supervised rest breaks.

candidate knows how many questions they must do (d) Other candidates must not be distracted. in that time and tries to move on.

1.3.6.11 Transcript of candidate’s work

Example 2

(a) You may submit a transcript where a candidate’s handwriting is illegible and it would be beneficial for

A candidate with Asperger’s Syndrome has no sense an examiner to refer to a transcript for clarification. of time. The prompter sees that the candidate is

doing nothing. She taps on the desk to bring his (b) The regulations apply equally to the transcription of attention back to the answer he was writing.

a candidate’s answers produced in Braille. (c) You may produce a transcript that is handwritten,

1.3.6.7 Reading aloud

typed or word processed.

If a candidate is not allowed a reader they can take (d) A transcript may be a full copy written in a spare their exam in a separate room so they can read aloud,

answer booklet, for example, if a candidate answers if this is their usual way of working. You are responsible

in Braille, or a partial copy where only certain words for making sure that the candidate takes the exam in a

need clarification. In this case, you must photocopy suitable room where they cannot be overheard by other

the original script and write the words clearly above candidates and are appropriately invigilated.

the candidate’s writing in blue or black (but not in

1.3.6.8 Separate invigilation

red, green or purple ink, or pencil). (e) You must produce the transcript immediately after

(a) You may want a candidate to take the exam the exam under secure conditions. The candidate separately with an individual invigilator, for example must not be involved in the production of the if the candidate has a medical condition, such as

transcript.

Tourettes, and may distract other candidates, or if a candidate is using a scribe and their answers may be

(f) A member of your centre’s staff who is familiar with overheard by other candidates.

the candidate’s handwriting or is fully competent in Braille code for the subject concerned must

(b) If you do allow separate invigilation you are

This should not be the responsible for making sure that the candidate takes candidate’s own teacher. Please contact us if this is the exam in a suitable venue and that an invigilator

produce the transcript.

unavoidable.

is provided. (g) You must complete Exam Day – Form 6 and attach

(c) You must follow the instructions for the conduct of it to the candidate’s script. The teacher preparing exams at all times. the transcript must sign the cover sheet and a

1.3.6.9 Simple translation dictionaries person acting on behalf of the Head of Centre must We allow candidates to use simple translation

countersign. You must also attach a copy of Exam dictionaries for particular qualifications. See section

Day – Form 6 to any coursework/portfolio work that

5.1.6.2 for our regulations on using dictionaries.

has been transcribed. (h) The transcript must be an exact word-for-word

copy of the candidate’s script. The transcriber must

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 37 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 37

electronic typewriter at home. spellings and technical terms.

(d) Candidates who may benefit from the use of a word (i) If you consider that some interpretation is necessary,

processor, computer or electronic typewriter are please discuss this with us as soon as possible before

those with:

the exam. You should be prepared to supply samples (i) a learning difficulty that affects their ability to of the candidate’s usual written work.

write legibly

(j) Production of the transcript must not delay the

(ii) a physical disability

despatch of scripts to us. You must not send us any

(iii) a health condition

extra information with the scripts.

(iv) a visual impairment

(k) For candidates whose difficulties are so significant

(v) a cognitive disability

that you cannot produce a transcript, please see the regulations for using a scribe (section 1.3.5.6) or

(vi) illegible handwriting.

word processor (section 1.3.6.13). (e) Marks are awarded based on the achievement The examples below show how using a transcript can

demonstrated by the candidate. In order to make support candidates with particular needs.

sure mark schemes are applied fairly, we may ask you to supply extra information about the method

Example 1

the candidate used to write their answers.

A candidate with severe dyslexia writes in a very (f) When marking candidates’ coursework you must cramped style which is difficult for a stranger to read.

give credit according to the assessment criteria in His teachers are familiar with his writing. We allow

the syllabus. You cannot give the candidate credit one of them, not his own subject teacher, to write a

if they cannot demonstrate certain skills because full transcript in a clean answer booklet, which they

they have used a word processor, computer or send to the examiner with the original script.

electronic typewriter. We may require you to submit coursework produced on a computer for inspection by a moderator.

Example 2

(g) Before choosing a syllabus for a candidate who uses

A candidate writes some words illegibly. The centre

a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter, makes a photocopy of the script and writes in you must consider whether the candidate can fully the necessary words clearly over the top of the meet the assessment objectives. Some syllabuses candidate’s writing, but only on the photocopy. test particular skills (for example, drawing by hand),

which the candidate cannot demonstrate if using a

1.3.6.12 Visual aids word processor, computer or electronic typewriter. You may allow a candidate with visual perception

If you are in any doubt please discuss the situation difficulties to use visual aids, for example, a magnifying

with us. It is in the candidate’s best interest to glass.

establish at an early stage if they can use a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter.

1.3.6.13 Word processor, computer or electronic typewriter

(h)

A word processor must be used as a typewriter, not as a database, although standard

(a) The use of a word processor, computer or electronic formatting software is acceptable. Word processors typewriter must not result in a misleading

must not have spell checking, grammatical checking assessment or give an unfair advantage.

or thesaurus features enabled in any assessment, (b) Candidates can usually complete coursework using

or give the candidate access to other applications

a word processor, computer or electronic typewriter (such as calculators or spreadsheets). They must unless prohibited by the syllabus.

not include graphics packages or computer-aided design software unless we have given permission

(c) You may allow the use of a word processor, for this. In language syllabuses, keyboard shortcut computer or electronic typewriter when it reflects

software is allowed. However, it must not contain the candidate’s usual way of working and is

spell checking, a thesaurus, predictive typing, or appropriate to their needs. A word processor cannot

allow phonetic conversion from English. A keyboard

be used by a candidate because: containing specific language keys is acceptable. (i) they want to type rather than write in exams

(i) A candidate eligible for the use of a scribe (see (ii) they work faster on a keyboard

section 1.3.5.6) may, in syllabuses where the

38 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 38 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)

typewriters must not include voice-activated check. They cannot use any other functions, such as

software unless the candidate has our permission to the thesaurus, grammar check or predictive text.

use a scribe and/or relevant software.

(j) If you want to use a specific piece of software, you (q) A third party must not use a word processor, must ask for our permission first. We will determine

computer or electronic typewriter on the candidate’s what effect, if any, the use of specific software

behalf unless the candidate has our permission to may have on our ability to assess the candidate

use a scribe.

fairly in each subject. We reserve the right to seek (r) You must attach Exam Day – Form 5 to each script independent advice concerning a candidate’s use of where a word processor, computer or electronic computers and software in order to decide which are

typewriter has been used.

appropriate.

We may need to contact you about your (k) The computer or word processor must not be candidate’s word processed script(s). Save word connected to the school’s network, the internet or processed scripts onto an encrypted USB stick at the any other means of communication. end of each exam and store it securely until the end

(s)

(l) You must be sure any word processor, computer

of the enquiry about results period.

or electronic typewriter used in an exam is clear The examples below show how using a word processor, of any previously stored data. The word processor,

computer or electronic typewriter can support computer or electronic typewriter must be in good

candidates with particular needs.

working order and must be connected to mains electricity instead of run on a battery. It must also

Example 1

be connected to a printer so a script can be printed. Printing may be done after the exam is over. The

A candidate taking a design and technology paper candidate must make sure that the work printed

wants to use a word processor. Most of the paper is their own. The candidate should save their work

involves drawing original designs by hand. We do regularly during the exam; where available they can

not allow computer-aided design packages in this use an autosave facility. If the candidate’s work has

particular paper. The candidate must not use a word been saved onto a USB stick for printing, check that

processor.

the work can be retrieved from the USB stick before deleting the work from the computer.

Example 2

(m) If a candidate uses a word processor, computer or

A candidate who cannot write legibly because she electronic typewriter make sure the other candidates

has severe dyslexia applies to use a word processor in are not disturbed and cannot read the screen. If

exams. It is her normal means of producing written the candidate using the word processor, computer

work because her teachers cannot read her writing. or electronic typewriter is in a separate room they

She is very proficient on the machine. The candidate will need a separate invigilator. See section 1.3.6.8.

can use a word processor.

You must notify us if this centre-delegated arrangement is being used.

1.3.7 Modified papers

(n) Scripts must be double spaced and in font size (a) Modified papers do not have different or easier 10–14. The candidate must include the following on

questions. We still expect candidates to answer each page of their work:

the same questions at the same level as other • centre number

candidates.

• candidate number (b) You must apply for modified papers using • candidate name

Preparation – Form 3. The Head of Centre, exams • date of exam

officer or Cambridge Associate, in the case of •

Associate Centres, needs to sign the form before it is syllabus and component

Associate Centres should submit their • number of pages in the script, for example, ‘1 of completed forms to their Cambridge Associate. 7’, ‘2 of 7’ etc. (c) We only accept applications for modified question (o) Using treasury tags or string, please attach word

submitted.

papers if you have already submitted a final entry for processed scripts to the relevant answer booklet or

the relevant candidate, syllabus and component. question paper if the other candidates are answering

directly on the question paper. (d) You must submit final entries and applications for modified papers by the published deadline. It is

Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 39 Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International) 1 Preparation 39

1.3.8 Emergency access arrangements

not disadvantage your candidates. For temporary disabilities, for example, one of your

If we receive the final entry and application after the candidates breaks their arm before the exam, you deadline we cannot guarantee that we will be able to must get our approval before you use any access supply the modified papers you need.

Cambridge

arrangements. You can do this by emailing or Associates should agree earlier deadline dates with telephoning us straight away. We will discuss the most their Associate Centres. This will give them time to appropriate access arrangements, give you verbal process their applications and send them on to us. approval and ask you to submit the relevant form. State

(e) If retake candidates need modified papers please the arrangements that were agreed on the form and contact us as soon as possible so we can discuss the

send it to us together with the candidate’s evidence options available. The earlier you contact us, the

of need as soon as possible. Failure to do so may be more likely we will be able to provide the modified

considered malpractice.

paper you need. If it is not possible to contact us before the exam takes

(f) The types of paper available are: place, the Head of Centre should decide on the day • Braille paper: text in the paper will be presented

whether to use access arrangements for the temporary as Unified English Braille (UEB). Visual

disability. Complete and send the relevant form along information will be simplified or removed and

with the candidate’s evidence of need as soon as presented as verbal information. Diagrams may

possible.

be presented in a tactile form. Please indicate If we give permission for a candidate to use a scribe/ whether you need contracted or uncontracted

writer, or if you provide a transcript, please attach a Braille on the application form.

completed copy of the relevant cover sheet to the • Coloured paper: unmodified content is printed on

candidate’s script/transcript. Cover sheets are available coloured paper.

at www.cambridgeinternational.org/forms under • Enlarged font: the font is modified so that visual

‘Exam day’.

information is simplified and the paper is re-

1.3.9 Appeals

printed in 18 point bold print on A3 or A4 sheets. This is the most appropriate paper for candidates

To appeal against the outcome of an access with severe visual impairment or for syllabuses

arrangement application please refer to the section of where scaled diagrams may be required.

this handbook called ‘Cambridge International Appeals • Regulations and Guidance’.

Enlarged paper (unmodified): the standard paper is enlarged to A3 size. This is not appropriate where scaled diagrams have been used.

Extra guidance

• Simplified carrier language: complex sentences Download the following support from our website:

are broken down into simpler ones. The questions and answers remain the same as for

• How to Apply for Access Arrangements any other candidate and technical vocabulary is

(www.cambridgeinternational.org/preparation) unchanged. Modified carrier language papers are

• Good Practice Guide: Running only available for certain syllabuses and are not

Exams with Access Arrangements available in language or literature exams.

(www.cambridgeinternational.org/examday) • Tactile diagrams.

• How to Apply for Modified Papers • Transcript of listening CDs.

(www.cambridgeinternational.org/preparation)

Regulations

If candidates answer in Braille, you must provide a transcript for the examiner. Follow the regulations for producing transcripts in section 1.3.6.11. Please complete and attach Exam Day – Form 6 to the transcript.

40 1 Preparation Cambridge Handbook 2018 (International)