D. Research Instrument
In this research the writer used three instruments which are used for gathered the data. Those are test, observation and questionnaire to complete the data for
this research. 1.
Test The test of this research was multiple-choice items. The test items or the
numbers of the questions item were 20. 2.
Observation Sheets In gathering data, the writer took field notes. The writer should note down
any information about the activities of the learners, the attitudes of the students and the class condition during the implementation of CAR.
3. Questionnaire sheets
To support the data, the writer gave questionnaire to each students of VIII-8 class to find out the students‘ response toward using group technique in learning
Narrative text.
E. The Data Collecting Procedure
In collecting data, the instrument that the writer used are observation, test, and questionnaire. In addition, through observation, the teacher could observe
implicit understanding and how theory in use. Then, the questionnaire is used as an additional way in gaining deeper information about something. Then, the test is
to measure the students‘ reading comprehension score. Each technique of data collection is described below:
1. Observation
The writer exchanged a role in the class became a teacher and the observer was the English teacher. The writer was arranged the rubric list for observation
sheets about the process of teaching and learning reading comprehension through group work technique. The first aspect was class structure, what the teacher does
to prepare the students in learning new material, then the method used in the class by the teacher and how is the way shehe delivers well-designed materials to the
students. Furthermore, teacher-students interaction was quite important; it
involves the students‘ participation in the class, students‘ attention during learning process and teacher‘s ways to quick-witted the awareness of individual student
learning needs. The last the content, does the teacher appears knowledgeable or explains the concept clearly to the students.
2. Questionnaires Sheets
The writer gives the questionnaire sheets for each student. It was done before implementing CAR in order to deeply analyze the problem faced by the
teachers and related the class situation, students‘ achievement, and also students‘ and teachers‘ attitude toward the teaching and learning process. The questionnaire
was functioned to find out the students response toward using group work technique in learning reading comprehension. The writer ask the students to check
list the answer s setuju, ss sangat setuju, ts tidak setuju, or sts sangat tidak setuju that showing expression of student felling in learning reading through
group work technique. 3.
Test A kind of test is multiple choices in order to measure the students‘
achievement in reading narrative text. The purpose is to kn ow the students‘ ability
in reading narrative text before and after teaching reading narrative text by using group work technique and to know whether the students‘ reading skill is
improving or not. There are two kinds of test in this research, namely pre-test and post-test. Pre-test is a test before the implementation of this research. Meanwhile,
post-test is a test which after the implementation of this research.
E. Procedures of Data Analysis
In analyzing the qualitative data of this research, the writer uses the observation of students‘ activities during teaching learning process.
40
40
Harmer, op. cit., pp. 122 —124.
`Table 3.1 The Observation of Students’ Activities
No Indicators
Rating scale B
E S
G VG
1. Listening to the teacher instruction
2. Listening to teacher explanation about the
material 3.
Paying attention to the materials being explained
4. Obeying what teacher is commanded
5. Reading some parts of reading text
6. Making hypotheses in using group work
technique 7.
Paying attention to other students who is reading
8. Involving actively during teaching learning
process 9.
Asking difficult material to the teacher 10.
Paying attention to the teacher‘s conclusion 11.
Doing the exercise test
Table 3.2 Rating Scale of the Observation of Students’ Activities
NO Rating Scale
The explanation
1 Bad
The students‘ attitudes toward teacher‘s other participant is bad.
2 Enough
The students‘ attitude toward teacher‘s effort and other participant is not bad but still unsuitable.
3 Satisfactory
The students‘ attitude toward teacher‘s effort and other participant is satisfactory but still need
improvement. 4
Good The students‘ attitudes toward teacher‘s effort and
other participant is good 5
Very Good The students‘ attitudes toward teacher‘s effort and
other participant is very good
There were 5 grade of the rating scale, and each of the rating has its own quality. Start from the rating scale 1 that showed the quality of bad, scale 2
showed the quality of enough, 3 showed the quality of satisfactory, 4 showed the quality of good and 5 showed the quality of very good.
The rating scale above was used when the observer did the classroom observation. The observer rates the observation table with the qualification above.
On the other side, in analyzing the data the writer uses the tests pre action, cycle 1 and cycle 2.
In analyzing numerical data, first the writer measures the average or mean of students‘ reading score per action within one cycle. She uses the formula as
below.
41
̅ = Mean
∑x = Individual score N
= Number of students In gaining the class percentage which passes the minimum mastery criteria
KKM Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal 75 uses the formula:
41
Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 81.
̅
Kategori