Theoretical Framework THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 3.1 The Kurt Lewin’s Design of CAR
Adopted from Wijaya Kusumah, 2009
39
Based on the Kurt Lewin‘s action Research design above, there are four phases in one cycle. Those are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The
writer wants to describe a plan for Classroom Action Research CAR. Here are details of action plan:
1. Planning Phase In this phas
e, after identifying and diagnosing students‘ problems in reading comprehension by interviewing the teacher, observing the class, and
conducting the test, some plans related to how solve the problems in the classroom were made. The writer as English teacher makes lesson plan based
on the issue in the classroom and to improve students‘ reading comprehension in narrative text through group work technique to make students more
interesting in learning. Then she and the teacher try to solve the problems by using group work technique to be implemented in the classroom. The writer
makes a lesson plan based on the syllabus, material, media, resources, and evaluation which consist of test pre action and in cycle 1 and 2. The lesson
plan will be implemented in VIII-A class of SMPN 13 Tangerang Selatan.Then the form of lesson plan implemented to the students in the class. Post-tests were
also prepared in order to know whether there were some improvements on the
39
Wijaya Kusumah and Dedi Dwitagama, Mengenal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2009, p. 44.
Planning
Observing Reflecting
Acting
students‘ score achievement from each test. 2. Acting Phase
In this phase, the writer and the English teacher work collaboratively in implementing the planned action. The role in this action is the writer as the
teacher who conducts a teaching learning plan activity in the classroom. The researcher directly involves in the class research totally, from the beginning
until the end of the research. The writer used group work as the strategy in teaching reading comprehension, and the teacher observed the condition of
class during teaching and learning process. Here, it begin the process of research problems that the writer found it, and also there were two cycles in
which each cycle consisted of three meetings in action. 3. Observing Phase
During the acting phase, the English teacher observer observes teaching learning activity in the classroom. The researcher has to make an observational
note that is written about all of activities that happened in the class research and check the guideli
nes of teacher‘s observation. For example, class situation, teacher performance, student response, et cetera. However, observing phase is a
phase to collect the data pre action and post test that related to teaching learning activity which has the aim to
know and to solve the students‘ problem. 4. Reflecting Phase
The reflection is the process to evaluate data that have been collected in the observing phase. Both the writer and the teacher try to reflect the result of
previous research, discuss and analyze the data. In this phase, they also discuss some problems that occur in the classroom research. The analysis result is used
for reference to next plan or cycle if it is needed. Thus, reflecting phase can be determined after the acting phase and the observing phase. In this step, the
teacher has to understand the issue of teaching and learning and the situation in the class that has been taught.