14 combines the two models from Kemp‟s and Yalden‟s. Both of the steps are going
to be used as the procedure in conducting this study. The writer uses some theories from Kemp and Yalden, they are conducting need survey; stating goals,
topics, and general purposes; stating the learning objectives; listing the subject contents; developing syllabus; selecting teaching learning activities; designing the
materials; evaluation; and revising the designed materials. Next, the writer would like to explain about the approach that will be used in this study, which is
Communicative Language Teaching.
2. Communicative Language Teaching CLT
In this study, the writer would like to use an approach in language teaching which is going to be used to develop the speaking instructional material for 11
th
grade students of SMA N 1Ngaglik. The approach is Communicative Language Teaching CLT. CLT is a broad approach to teaching that is resulted from
communication as the organizing principle for teaching rather than focus on grammatical system of the language Richards, 2001: 36. According to Richard
and Rodgers 2001, CLT refers to a varied set of principles which reflect a communicative view of language and language learning which can be used to
support a wide variety of classroom procedures. The principles include some points:
1. Through using the language, the learners learn to communicate.
2. The goal of classroom activities is in authentic and meaningful
communication. 3.
Fluency is an important aspect of communication. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15 4.
The integration of different language skill is involved in the communication.
5. Learning is a process of creative construction which involves trial and
error. Based on the points above, the learners will learn to communicate and
fluency will become the important aspect in speaking skill. It is appropriate for learners who rarely practice speaking skill.
a. The Materials of CLT
According to Richard and Rodger 2001, there are lots of materials used to support communicative approach to language teaching.
1. Text-based materials
Text-based materials are materials that are based on the texts which help the teacher to initiate conversation. The examples of these materials are visual
cues, pictures, and sentence fragments.
2. Task-based materials
In order to support CLT classes, a variety of games, role-play, and task- based communication activities have been prepared. These are usually in the form
of one-of-a-kind items, namely: exercise, handbook, cues card, pair communication practice, and learners-interaction practice.
3. Realia
Realia might be included as proponents of CLT. This might include language based realia such as sign, magazines, newspaper, or visual sources
around which communicative activities can be built maps, pictures, etc. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
