13 language, role-sets, and communicative events, as well as grammar and lexis
Yalden, 1987: 138.
5. The Pedagogical Syllabus
In this study, some of the apparent difficulties surrounding early formulations of the functional approach can be resolved. The pedagogical syllabus
provides a repertoire of words and phrases, chosen as exponents of functions and it is suitable to the topic identified as important to the learners Yalden, 1987:
144.
6. The Development of Classroom Procedures
According to Yalden 1987, p. 89 there are three developments of classroom, namely selection of exercise types and teaching techniques,
preparation of lesson plans, and preparation of weekly schedules.
7. Evaluation
In this study, Yalden 1987, p. 89 makes the evaluation for the students, and it is divided into two kinds, namely evaluation students in the program and
evaluation students in the teaching learning.
8. Recycling Stage
In this study, there are three procedures in recycling stage. Those procedures
are congruence or „fit‟ between goals set and student performance is determined, content is reassessed, and materials and methodological procedures
are revised Yalden, 1987: 89. Based on
Yalden‟s entire model, the writer uses three parts of it, namely need survey, developing syllabus, and evaluation. In this study, the writer
14 combines the two models from Kemp‟s and Yalden‟s. Both of the steps are going
to be used as the procedure in conducting this study. The writer uses some theories from Kemp and Yalden, they are conducting need survey; stating goals,
topics, and general purposes; stating the learning objectives; listing the subject contents; developing syllabus; selecting teaching learning activities; designing the
materials; evaluation; and revising the designed materials. Next, the writer would like to explain about the approach that will be used in this study, which is
Communicative Language Teaching.
2. Communicative Language Teaching CLT
In this study, the writer would like to use an approach in language teaching which is going to be used to develop the speaking instructional material for 11
th
grade students of SMA N 1Ngaglik. The approach is Communicative Language Teaching CLT. CLT is a broad approach to teaching that is resulted from
communication as the organizing principle for teaching rather than focus on grammatical system of the language Richards, 2001: 36. According to Richard
and Rodgers 2001, CLT refers to a varied set of principles which reflect a communicative view of language and language learning which can be used to
support a wide variety of classroom procedures. The principles include some points:
1. Through using the language, the learners learn to communicate.
2. The goal of classroom activities is in authentic and meaningful
communication. 3.
Fluency is an important aspect of communication. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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