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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the general account of the study. It covers background of study, identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, formulation of the
problem, objective of the study, and significance of the study.
A. Research Method and Design
This study is a quantitative research. The writer used pre-experimental study to design this study. Campbell and Stanley said that pre experimental research cannot
use two classes as sample because this research design does not compare the difference of improvement between two groups or more.
1
In addition, Sugiyono stated that pre-test and post-test are distributed to the same object of a research is called as
one group pre-test post-test design.
2
This research was conducted to identify if there is any significant difference of students’ writing score. The differences could be known by comparing results of pre-
test and post-test, not comparing the result between two different groups. Then, the writer would find out whether or not story mapping is effective to teach writing
narrative text. If students’ score in post-test higher than students’ score in pre-test, it means that story mapping is good to be implemented in teaching writing narrative
text.
B. Time and Location
This research was conducted from February 11
th
until February 27
th
, 2014.The writer did the research on the use of story mapping to teach students’ writing skill of
narrative text in the second grade of SMANegeri 90, Jakarta. It is located on Jl. Sabar Petukangan Selatan Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta.
1
Rick Houser, Research-Study and Teaching, New York: SAGE Publication, 2009, p. 54.
2
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan RD, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2009, p. 64.
C. Population and Sample
The population of this research was the whole students of eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 90 Jakarta. There are nine classes that consist of four social
science classesand four of science classes.Clustering sampling was used to take the sample. Houser stated that cluster sampling is used if the target population group
cannot be separated.
3
Based on cluster sampling technique, one class was taken randomly from nine classes that have same average score class. The class chosen was
XI Social 2 as the sample of this research. There are 40 students of that class.
D. Instrument of the Research
In this research, test was the instrument used in collecting the data. The test was used to find out if there is an effectiveness of using story mapping to teach students
writing ability of narrative text. Narrative is a text which is commonly used to tell an imaginary story or someone’s experience. The test was given in the beginning and in
the end of thetreatments. The test was in form of essay. The indicators of the testwere to build students’ understanding in narrative text, so that they were able to produce a
narrative text using their own words. The written test has to pass a validity and reliability test. Validity is when a test
must measures what it is intended to measure and what has been taught.
4
It means that students have to write in a genre that they have already learned. In order to be
valid, construct validity is used to create the test. As Hyland stated, Construct validity consists of the task which has qualities to measure how far writing abilities that have
been learned already by students.
5
It could be said that a test has construct validity if it measures cognitive aspects that has been elaborated in indicator that stated in the
curriculum. That is why before choosing theme, it should be compared to the indicators that students have to reach in syllabus. Then, it is shows that theme of
students’ writing of narrative text is valid.
3
Rick Houser, op. cit., p. 133.
4
Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 217.
5
Ibid., p. 218.
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