Technique of Collecting Data

g. Determining t o t Observation, with formula: =

H. Rubric of Scoring Writing

To evaluate students’ writing, the writer used an analytic score in order to be more reliable in scoring students writing. The following rating scale devised by Jacob, et al 1981. 10 Scoring Element Scale Quality Description Content 30-27 Excellent to Very Good Knowledgable – substantive – thorough development of thesis – relevant to assigned topic. 26-22 Good to Average Some knowledge of subject – adequate rang – limited development of thesis – mostly relevant to topic, but lack detail. 21-17 Fair to Poor Limited knowledge of subject – little substance – inadequate development of topic. 16-13 Very Poor Does not show knowledge of subject – non substantive – not pertinent or not enough to evaluate. Organization 20-18 Excellent to Very Good Fluent expression – ideas clearly statedsupported – succinct – well- organized – logical sequencing – cohesive. 10 Arthur Hughes, Testing for Language Teachers 2 nd edition, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 104. Scoring Element Scale Quality Description 17-14 Good to Average Somewhat choppy – loosely organized but main ideas stand out – limited support – logical but incomplete sequencing. 13-10 Fair to Poor Non fluent – ideas confused or disconnected – lacks logical sequencing and development. 9-7 Very Poor Does not communicate – no organization – OR not enough to evaluate. Vocabulary 20-18 Excellent to Very Good Sophisticated range – effective wordsidiom choice and usage – word form mastery – appropriate register. 17-14 Good to Average Adequate range – occasional errors of wordsidom form, choice, usage, but meaning confused or obscured. 13-10 Fair to Poor Limited range – frequent errors of wordsidiom form, choice, usage – meaning confused or obscured. 9-7 Very Poor Essentially translation – little knowledge of English vocabulary, idioms, word form - not enough to evaluate. Language Use 25-22 Excellent to Very Good Effective complex constructions – few errors of agreement, tense, number, word function, articles, pronouns, prepositions.

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