E. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on certain terms in this study, the writer defines the terms of conflict and intrapersonal conflicts.
1. Conflict
According to Isenhart and Spangle 2000 conflict “involves a struggle for power, the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
pr oblems from past intertactions”p. 2. In this study, Kimberly Chang also
encounters the conflict of searching for power because she does not have much power in her life. She experiences the conflict of making the best decision for her
future and the conflict of managing her own characteristics. Besides, her conflicts come from unresolved problems in her past interactions.
2. Intrapersonal conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be defined by using the cognitive dissonance theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict which is
experienced by a person when shehe decides two or more possible choices Worchel and Cooper, 1979, p. 499. In this study, Kimberly Chang also
experiences the conflict of deciding two or more possible choices.
6
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains two sections. The first section is review of related theories. This section describes some relevant theories in the study. The second
section is theoretical framework. In theoretical framework, the writer describes briefly all important relevant theories to conduct the study and solve the research
problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
1. Psychological Approach
Critical approach is an approach used in analyzing literary works. There are some kinds of critical approach such as formalist, psychological, biographical
socio-cultural, and mythopoeic approaches. Critical approach is used as a basic understanding in analyzing literary work. Therefore, the writer uses one of the
critical approaches which is psychological approach. In this study the writer uses this approach as the basic understanding in analyzing further intrapersonal conflict
of the main character which is the focus of this study. Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham 2011 explain that
psychological approaches supply the ability to see and understand the truth of something into the arranged according event and acting as a symbol of mysteries
in a work of literature and increase the value of others readings p. 222. Another
explanation of the psychological approach is explained by Paris 1994. He notes that psychological approach
”gives us formulations about human behavior, whereas literature gives us truth to
experience” p. 6. He also adds that because it is not abstract, dramatic standard, literature makes possible to us not only to
watch people carefully other than ourselves but also to go into their mind universe, to find out for the first time what it feels like to be these people and to
make their life situations difficult p. 6.
2. Theory of Conflict
a. Definition
The concern of this study is the intrapersonal conflict of the main character. The writer provides some definitions of the conflict from encyclopedia
and experts. The definitions of the conflict help the writer to understand better what conflict is. In Encylopedia of Psychology, the defintion of the conflict is:
Conflict refers to preferences for incompatible actions in a given situation. It may exist at the level of the individual, when a person is torn between
different decision options such as entering law school versus taking job. It also can occur among individuals when two or more parties in a social
relationship have incompatible preferences for action, as when one spouse wants to see an adventure movie and the other, an art movie Corsini,
2000, p. 295.
Conflict can happen within an individual itself and between two individuals. The explanation of above refers to the conflict which happens within
the individual itself. Another definition of conflict is from Isenhart and Spangle 2000. They state that a conflict “involves a struggle for power, the way
desicions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved problems from
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