BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan Dari pembahasan hasil-hasil penelitian di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :
1. Latihan fisik berenang dibarengi dengan pemberian asupan kalsium dapat
meningkatkan kadar kalsium dalam mandibula, sehingga meningkatkan kualitas mandibula .
2. Latihan fisik berenang saja tanpa pemberian asupan suplemen kalsium, dan
pemberian asupan kalsium saja tanpa latihan fisik berenang tampaknya tidak cukup untuk meningkatkan kandungan kalsium dan kualitas mandibula pada mencit.
3. Latihan fisik berenang dan pemberian asupan suplemen kalsium merupakan cara
yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas mandibula pada mencit.
5.2. Saran
1. Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian ini disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lanjutan
mengenai pengaruh latihan fisik dengan pemberian suplemen kalsium untuk meningkatkan kualitas mandibula yang dilaksanakan lebih intensif, misalnya
dengan berbagai variasi intensitas waktu latihan fisik berenang dan dengan pemberian suplemen kalsium yang berbeda baik dosisnya maupun persenyawaan
kimianya. 2.
Disarankan juga agar hasil penelitian ini dijadikan sebagai penunjang pada penelitian peningkatan kualitas mandibula pada manusia, khususnya dalam bidang
Kedokteran Gigi.
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Lampiran 1. Data berbagai parameter hasil penelitian Tabel 1. Kandungan kalsium dalam darah mgdL
Ulangan P1 P2 P3 P4
M1 10,0 8,4 10,5 10,9
M2 9,5 8,7 9,7 10,2
M3 8,3 8,7 9,5 9,9
M4 9,6 9,1 9,7 10,1
M5 10,3 8,8 9,5 9,5
M6 10,3 8,7 9,5 9,7
Rata
2
± SD
9,7 ±
0,8 8,7 ±
0,2 9,7 ±
0,4 10,1 ±
0,5 Tabel 2. Kadar kalsium dalam mandibula ppb
Ulangan P1 P2 P3 P4
M1 0,0050 0,0065 0,0063 0,0061 M2 0,0065 0,0067 0,0059 0,0070
M3 0,0061 0,0062 0,0057 0,0060 M4 0,0050 0,0059 0,0061 0,0061
M5 0,0065 0,0066 0,0061 0,0072 M6 0,0043 0,0057 0,0062 0,0061
Rata
2
± SD 0,0056
± 0,0009 0,0063
± 0,0004 0,0061
± 0,0002 0,0064
± 0,0005
Tabel 3. Kadar kalsium dalam tibia ppb
Ulangan P1 P2 P3 P4
M1 0,0028 0,0065 0,0054 0,0080 M2 0,0063 0,0059 0,0065 0,0072
M3 0,0059 0,0063 0,0054 0,0069 M4 0,0061 0,0067 0,0073 0,0076
M5 0,0063 0,0052 0,0069 0,0074 M6 0,0059 0,0065 0,0050 0,0070
Rata
2
± SD
0,0056 ±
0,0014 0,0062 ±
0,0006 0,0061 ±
0,0009 0,0074 ±
0,0004
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Lampiran 2. Analisis distribusi data Tabel 4. Distribusi data masih-masing kelompok perlakuan
Tests of Normality
.245 6
.200 .849
6 .156
.274 6
.177 .902
6 .389
.368 6
.011 .682
6 .004
.213 6
.200 .937
6 .635
.245 6
.200 .849
6 .156
.274 6
.177 .902
6 .389
.368 6
.011 .682
6 .004
.213 6
.200 .937
6 .635
.230 6
.200 .874
6 .243
.219 6
.200 .922
6 .520
.258 6
.200 .940
6 .659
.390 6
.005 .734
6 .014
.435 6
.001 .614
6 .001
.250 6
.200 .866
6 .211
.266 6
.200 .901
6 .377
.143 6
.200 .956
6 .787
.174 6
.200 .937
6 .638
.202 6
.200 .890
6 .317
.396 6
.004 .765
6 .028
.284 6
.142 .880
6 .268
.182 6
.200 .903
6 .393
.171 6
.200 .966
6 .863
.167 6
.200 .910
6 .435
.141 6
.200 .973
6 .913
.299 6
.100 .758
6 .024
.159 6
.200 .964
6 .849
.226 6
.200 .894
6 .342
.142 6
.200 .968
6 .877
Kelompok P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 Ca_darah
Ca_tl_mandibula
Ca_tl_tibia
BB_tl_Mandibula
BK_tl_Mandibula
BB_tl_Tibia
BK_tl_Tibia Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk
This is a lower bound of the true significance. .
Lilliefors Significance Correction a.
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Lampiran 3. Analisis variansi atau homogenitas data Tabel 5. Uji variansi data uji homogenitas distribusi data tiap kelompok perlakuan
Test of Homogeneity of Variance
1.583 3
20 .225
1.491 3
20 .247
1.491 3
14.061 .260
1.584 3
20 .224
1.583 3
20 .225
1.491 3
20 .247
1.491 3
14.061 .260
1.584 3
20 .224
10.388 3
20 .000
4.508 3
20 .014
4.508 3
10.795 .028
9.885 3
20 .000
1.941 3
20 .155
.731 3
20 .545
.731 3
7.334 .564
1.421 3
20 .266
2.011 3
20 .145
.955 3
20 .433
.955 3
7.157 .464
1.613 3
20 .218
.409 3
20 .749
.402 3
20 .753
.402 3
13.844 .754
.446 3
20 .723
4.126 3
20 .020
3.247 3
20 .044
3.247 3
14.523 .053
4.004 3
20 .022
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Ca_darah
Ca_tl_mandibula
Ca_tl_tibia
BB_tl_Mandibula
BK_tl_Mandibula
BB_tl_Tibia
BK_tl_Tibia Levene
Statistic df1
df2 Sig.
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Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis distribusi dan homogenitas data Tabel 6. Hasil analisis distribusi data dan variansi homogenitas data semua parameter uji.
Parameter Uji
Distribusi data Variansi homogenitas data
Ca darah Tidak normal
Homogen Ca mandibula
Tidak normal Homogeny
Ca tibia Tidak normal
Tidak homogeny
Transformasi data Ca darah
2.31 2.28
2.25 2.22
2.19 2.16
Level
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
Spread
Slope = 8.909 Power for transformation = -7.909
Plot of LN of Spread vs LN of Level
Spread vs. Level Plot of Ca_darah by Kelompok
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Transformasi data Ca Mandibula
-5.08 -5.10
-5.12 -5.14
-5.16 -5.18
-5.20
Level
-6.5
-7.0
-7.5
-8.0
Spread
Slope = -9.787 Power for transformation = 10.787
Plot of LN of Spread vs LN of Level
Spread vs. Level Plot of Ca_tl_mandibula by Kelompok
Transformasi data Ca Tibia
-5.050 -5.075
-5.100 -5.125
-5.150 -5.175
-5.200
Level
-6.5
-7.0
-7.5
-8.0
Spr ead
Slope = -7.048 Power for transformation = 8.048
Plot of LN of Spread vs LN of Level
Spread vs. Level Plot of Ca_tl_tibia by Kelompok
Lampiran 5. Bentuk transformasi data
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Tabel 7. Bentuk transformasi data
Parameter Uji Distribusi data
Variansi homogenitas
data Slope Power
transformation Betuk
Transformasi data
Ca Darah Tidak normal
homogen 8,909 -7,909
1n Ca Mandibula
Tidak normal homogen
-9,787 10,787 Kuadrat
Ca Tibia Tidak normal
Tidak homogen -1,64 2,64
Kuadrat
Tabel 8. Hasil uji distribusi data
Tests of Normality
.277 6
.168 .815
6 .079
.283 6
.146 .905
6 .403
.356 6
.017 .695
6 .006
.196 6
.200 .956
6 .788
.230 6
.200 .865
6 .206
.271 6
.194 .901
6 .378
.373 6
.009 .675
6 .003
.222 6
.200 .926
6 .552
.245 6
.200 .869
6 .221
.215 6
.200 .925
6 .541
.253 6
.200 .945
6 .699
.391 6
.005 .733
6 .013
.466 6
.000 .551
6 .000
.270 6
.196 .828
6 .104
.252 6
.200 .900
6 .377
.141 6
.200 .966
6 .864
.175 6
.200 .939
6 .653
.198 6
.200 .895
6 .346
.367 6
.011 .822
6 .092
.265 6
.200 .905
6 .406
.314 6
.066 .738
6 .015
.163 6
.200 .960
6 .824
.225 6
.200 .903
6 .395
.152 6
.200 .957
6 .797
Kelompok P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 P1
P2 P3
P4 trans_Ca_darah
trans_Ca_Mandibula
trans_Ca_Tl_Tibia
trans_BB_tl_Mandibu
trans_BK_tl_Mandibu
trans_BK_tl_Tibia Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk
This is a lower bound of the true significance. .
Lilliefors Significance Correction a.
Lampiran 6. Hasil uji variansi homogenitas data
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Tabel 9. Hasil uji variansi homogenitas data
Test of Homogeneity of Variance
1.416 3
20 .267
1.317 3
20 .297
1.317 3
11.414 .316
1.425 3
20 .265
1.670 3
20 .205
1.572 3
20 .227
1.572 3
15.235 .237
1.662 3
20 .207
9.366 3
20 .000
3.272 3
20 .043
3.272 3
9.186 .072
8.740 3
20 .001
3.685 3
20 .029
.717 3
20 .553
.717 3
5.438 .580
2.466 3
20 .092
1.320 3
20 .296
.855 3
20 .480
.855 3
7.702 .504
1.111 3
20 .368
3.162 3
20 .047
2.357 3
20 .102
2.357 3
13.394 .118
3.040 3
20 .053
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
Based on Mean Based on Median
Based on Median and with adjusted df
Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean
Based on Median Based on Median and
with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean
trans_Ca_darah
trans_Ca_Mandibula
trans_Ca_Tl_Tibia
trans_BB_tl_Mandibula
trans_BK_tl_Mandibula
trans_BK_tl_Tibia Levene
Statistic df1
df2 Sig.
Tabel 10. Bentuk Uji lanjut setelah uji distribusi dan variansi homogenitas data
Parameter Uji
Distribusi data
Variansi data
Tipe Uji Uji
Uji lanjut Ca darah
Tidak normal homogen
Nonparametrik Kruskal Wallis
Mann Whitney Ca
mandibula Tidak normal
homogen Nonparametrik
Kruskal Wallis Mann Whitney
Ca tibia Tidak normal
Tidak homogen
Nonparametrik Kruskal Wallis
Mann Whitney
Lampiran 7. Uji nonparametrik kruskall wallis untuk beberapa parameter uji
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NPar Tests Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
6 14.17
6 4.50
6 13.83
6 17.50
24 6
14.17 6
4.50 6
13.83 6
17.50 24
6 9.25
6 14.75
6 11.08
6 14.92
24 6
7.67 6
10.83 6
10.58 6
20.92 24
6 3.92
6 9.58
6 16.00
6 20.50
24 6
4.33 6
13.75 6
15.42 6
16.50 24
Kelompok P1
P2 P3
P4 Total
P1 P2
P3 P4
Total P1
P2 P3
P4 Total
P1 P2
P3 P4
Total P1
P2 P3
P4 Total
P1 P2
P3 P4
Total Ca_darah
Ca_tl_mandibula
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