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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents detailed information about methodology used to conduct the study. They are research method, research participants, research instruments, data
gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
The study was intended to answer two research questions. The questions are: “How are online English Tenses exercises using Hot Potatoes for the tenth
grade students of SMA Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta designed?” and “What do online English Tenses exercises using Hot Potatoes for the tenth grade students of SMA
Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta look like?” In order to answer those research questions, the writer used Research and
Development method R D. Borg and Gall 1983: 772 stated that educational Research and Development R D is a process used to develop and validate
educational products. These products include teaching materials, teaching method, and method for organizing instruction. Moreover, the goal of R D is to develop
research knowledge and incorporate it into a product by combining educational research and educational practice Borg and Gall, 1983: 771.
The writer chose R D method since it used the findings to build products that were ready for operational use in the school. It consists of three
major steps: develop product based on research finding, do field testing on the
28 product, and revise the product on the basis of field-test data. According to Borg
and Gall 1938: 775, there are ten steps of R D, namely: Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Develop Preliminary Form of Product,
Preliminary Field Testing, Final Product Revision, and Dissemination and Implementation.
Concerning with the two main focuses of the study as mentioned previously, there were only five steps of R D cycle used in this study. The steps
were Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Developing Preliminary Form of Product, Preliminary Field Testing, and Final Product Revision.
The section is divided into three sub-sections, those are, pre-design study, material development, and post-design study.
1. Pre – design Study
In the pre-design study, the writer used the first step of R D cycle, which is Research and Information Collecting. This step was used to describe as
clearly as possible the product that would be developed. In this step, the writer collected data from four of eight classes of the tenth grade students and two
English teachers of SMA Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta. The interviews were conducted to find out the teaching and learning activities used in English Tenses
Review from two the tenth grade English teachers. Moreover, the pre-design questionnaire to the tenth grade students of SMA Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta was
distributed in order to figure out their interests, abilities, and problems related to the English Tenses and internet. The writer also used review of literature to collect
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