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2.1.5.2 Category Shifts
Category shift is the second shift according to Catford. Category shfit deals with unbounded and rank bound translation. The term “rank bound” translation
simply refers to particular cases where equivalence is intentionally limited to ranks below the sentences. Meanwhile, unbounded translation means that the translation
equivalences may take place in any appropriate rank whether it is a sentence, clause, phrase, word or morpheme.
In category shift there are four types of shift. They are structure-shift, class- shifts, unit-shifts, and intra-system-shifts.
2.1.5.2.1 Structure Shifts
Catford 1965:77 states that a structure shift involves a change in grammatical structure between the source language and the target language.
Example: SL: white house TL: ‘Gedung putih’
We can see here that, the position of white putih in English is placed at the back of house gedung. We can say that in this translation, there is a structure-shift.
This shift happens because of the difference of grammatical rules of both SL and TL. If in English grammar the adjective placed at the front of the noun, then in
Bahasa Indonesia, the adjective is placed at the back of the noun.
2.1.5.2.2 Class Shifts
Catford 1965: 78 states that class shift occurs when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different class from the original item.
Example: SL: I get bored watching the movie.
V
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Adj We can see that there is change of class of word, verb in source language is
translated into adjective in target language.
2.1.5.2.3 Unit Shifts
Catford 1965:79 states that by unit-shift we mean changes of rank-that is departures from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a unit
at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL. ‘Rank’ here refers to the hierarchical linguistic units of sentence, clause, group, word and morpheme”.
Example: SL: Today is a beautiful day. W
TL: Hari ini adalah hari yang indah. Phr
We can see that there is a change of rank, word in source language is translated into phrase in target language.
2.1.5.2.4 Intra-Systems Shifts
Catford 1965: 80 uses the term intra-system shift for those cases where the shift occurs internally, within a system; that is for those cases where SL and TL
possess systems which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when the translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL
system. For example: Cans is translated into kaleng-kaleng.
From the example above we can see that plural word in English may be translated into reduplication in Bahasa Indonesia.
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2.2 Language Units in English and Bahasa Indonesia
Kategori