41 The suffix –est in the table above is translated into word paling in Bahasa
Indonesia to describe superlative degree. The suffix –est will form the superlative degree when it is attached by adjective.
n. Shift from Morpheme –s to Word Para Table 4.14: Morpheme –s to Word Para
No Source Language
-s Target Language
Para
19 It is appreciated, however, by
widows. pg:199 Tapi hal itu dihargai oleh para
janda.” pg:250
The suffix –s in the table above is translated into word para in Bahasa Indonesia to describe plural meaning.
4.1.2 Shifts from Word in English to Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
The unit shifts in the level of word may occur either in the higher or lower level. The word can be shifted to the lower level morpheme or to the higher level
whether it is phrase, clause or sentence.
1. Shift from Word to Morpheme Table 4.15: Word to Morpheme
No Source Language
Target Language
20 Sit down. pg:31
“Duduklah.” pg:44
The word down of phrase sit down in SL is translated into bound morpheme –lah in TL.
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2. Shift from Word to Phrase Table 4.16: Word to Nominal Phrase
No Source Language
Target Language
21 His face gleamed white and sharp in
the moonlight. pg:3 Di bawah sinar bulan wajahnya
tampak putih berkilat dan tajam. pg:10
22 As he passed those two men,
he dropped his glove. pg:5 Waktu dia melewati kedua orang itu,
dia menjatuhkan sarung tangannya. pg:12
23 ….from amongst the crumpled
balls of newspaper, pg:5 ….di antara gumpalan-gumpalan
kertas surat kabar, pg:12
The words moonlight, glove, and newspaper are noun N and they are translated into sinar bulan, sarung tangan, and surat kabar which belong to noun
phrase NP in Bahasa Indonesia. They do not have the equivalence in the same unit in Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, they are translated into phrase in TL. So, the
unit shifts occurred in this translation is from word to phrase.
Table 4.17: Word to Verbal Phrase No
Source Language Target Language
24 I must apologize for- pg:6
“Saya harus minta maaf – pg:13 25
Of course he sympathized with you,.. pg:22
Tentu dia memberi pengertian padamu… pg:33
26 … the man thanked her,
pg:85 ... laki-laki itu mengucapkan terima
kasih padanya, pg:115
The words apologize, sympathized, and thanked are verb V and they are translated into minta maaf, memberi pengertian, dan mengucapkan terima kasih
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43 which belong to verb phrase VP in Bahasa Indonesia. So, the unit shifts occured
in the translation in the table above are from word to phrase.
Table 4.18: Word to Adverbial Phrase No
Source Language Target Language
27 …if she is going to the Riviera, as I
suppose, this winter. pg:64 ...bila akan bepergian ke Riviera
pada musim dingin ini.” pg:85
28 And today, murmured his
master, pg:137 “Dan hari ini,” gumam majikannya,
pg:177
The word winter and today are adverb of time in SL, and they are translated into musim dingin, and hari ini which belong to adverbial phrase in Bahasa
Indonesia. So, the unit shifts occured in the translation in the table above are from word to phrase.
3. Shift from Word to Clause Table 4.19: Word to Clause
No Source Language
Target Language
29 There were certain
formalities. pg:86
“Ada beberapa hal yang harus diselesaikan. pg:116
30 …and chatted pleasantly about
various trifles. pg:274 ... dan mengobrol dengan riang
tentang berbagai hal yang tak penting. pg:346
The word formalities in SL is translated into clause as its equivalence in TL. The clause in the TL is a noun clause. It is same with the second example in the
table above, the word trifles is translated into noun clause in TL.
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4. Shift from Word to Sentence Table 4.20: Word to Sentence
No Source Language
Target Language
31 Me?
pg.151 “Ada apa denganku?
pg:193
The word me in SL is translated into sentence Ada apa denganku? in TL.
4.1.3 Shifts from Phrase in English to Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia
In the level of phrase, the unit shifts may occur to the lower unit that is word, and the higher unit such as clause and sentence
1. Shift from Phrase to Word Table 4.21: Phrase to Verb
No Source Language
Target Language
32 …he can look after himself as
well as anybody. pg:4 …dia bisa menjaga dirinya sebaik
siapa pun juga.” pg:11
33 …and then moved across to a
second door,… pg:12 …lalu dia pergi menuju sebuah pintu
lain,… pg:21
34 She rang up yesterday…
pg:17 “Dia menelepon kemarin… pg:27
The phrases look after and moved across in SL which belong to verb phrase are translated into verb in TL. So, the unit shifts occurred in the translation above
is from phrase to word.
Table 4.22: Phrase to Adjective No
Source Language Target Language
35 Narrow-minded, murmured
Lady Tamplin. pg:101 Picik,” gumam Lady Tamplin.
pg:134
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45 36
…Van Aldin had put him off with a curt word pg:107
... Van Aldin selalu menolaknya dengan singkat pg:142
37 The rain had cleared away...
pg:258 Hujan telah reda...
pg:328
The phrase narrow-minded is translated into word picik which is an adejective in TL. The word a curt word which is a noun phrase is translated into
word singkat which is an adjective. The verb phrase cleared away is translated into word reda which is an adjective in TL. So, the unit shifts occurred in the table
above is from phrase to word.
Table 4.23: Phrase to Adverb No
Source Language Target Language
38 We are going the day after
tomorrow. pg:248 “Kami akan berangkat lusa.”
pg:311
The phrase the day after tomorrow is translated into word lusa which is adveb of time in Bahasa Indonesia. So, the unit shifts occurred in the translation
above is from phrase to word.
2. Shift from Phrase to Clause Table 4.24: Noun Phrase to Clause
No Source Language
Target Language
39 After my warnings to her, however, she must have written… pg:121
Setelah saya beri peringatan, dia rupanya... pg:160
40 … Lord Edward Frampton -
that, penniless yourself
pg:137 ... Lord Edward Frampton –
seandainya kau tidak mempunyai uang pg:178
41 …ever since his interview
…sejak dia ditanyai oleh
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46 with the Juge dInstruction
pg:176 hakim.
pg:225
The noun phrase my warnings to her, penniless yourself, and his interviewwith the Juge d’Instruction are translated into clauses in TL. So, the unit
shifts occurred in the translation above is from phrase to clause.
Table 4.25: Prepositional Phrase to Clause No
Source language Target language
42 Shes a saint with a sense of humour, pg:53
“Dia orang suci yang memiliki rasa humor,” pg:70
43 There was a fat Frenchman with a
beard, in pyjamas and an overcoat, pg:164
Ada orang Prancis gemuk berjenggot, yang memakai piyama
dan mantel pg:211
The prepositional phrases with a sense of humour and in pyjamas and an overcoat in SL are translated into clauses yang memiliki rasa humor and yang
memakai piyama dan mantel. The clause yang memiliki rasa humor is the expansion of pronoun she, while the clause yang memakai piyama dan mantel is
expansion of noun Frenchman.
Table 4.26: Prepositional Phrase to Clause No
Source Language Target Language
44 Passing through on the terrace, Comte looked out on the
Mediterranean with an unseeing eye. pg:153
Sambil berjalan terus ke teras, Comte memandang jauh ke laut
Mediterrania tanpa melihat apa-apa. pg. 195
45 She nodded her thanks, with a
complete lack of emotion and tucked them away in her stocking.
pg: 7 Wanita itu berterima kasih hanya
dengan mengangguk tanpa memperlihatkan perasaan apa-apa,
lalu
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47 menyimpannya di dalam kaus
kakinya. pg: 15
The prepositional phrase with an unseeing eye is translated into subordinate clause tanpa melihat apa-apa. The subordinator of the clause is tanpa which
describe the relation of way.The subordinate clause tanpa melihat apa-apa state the way of the main clause Comte memandang jauh ke laut Mediterrania done. It
is same with the second example; the prepositional phrase with a complete lack of emotion is translated into subordinate clause tanpa memperlihatkan perasaan apa-
apa. The subordinator of the clause is tanpa which describe the relation of way. The subordinate clause tanpa memperlihatkan perasaan apa-apa explain the way
of the main clause Wanita itu berterima kasih dengan hanya mengangguk done.
3. Shift from Phrase to Sentence Table 4.27: Phrase to Sentence
No Source Language
Target Language
46 In an overcoat and soft hat. pg:191
Dia mengenakan mantel dan topi lembut.” pg:240
47 Weakness there.
pg:217 Katherine merasa lemah.
pg:272
The prepositional phrase in an overcoat and soft hat above is translated into simple sentence. While the noun phrase wealness there is also translated into
simple sentence in the TL. So, the unit shifts occurred in the translation above is from phrase to sentence.
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4.1.4 Shifts from Clause in English to Other Units in Bahasa Indonesia 1. Shift from Clause to Word
