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5. Morfem morpheme
Chaer 1994:146 states that morfem adalah satuan bentuk bahasa terkecil yang mempunyai makna secara relatif stabil dan tidak dapat dibagi atas bagian
bermakna yang lebih kecil. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. It consists of:
a. Morfem Bebas free morpheme
Morfem yang secara potensial dapat berdiri sendiri dalam suatu bangun kalimat. Morpheme that can stand alone as a word in a sentence.
Examples: saya I, duduk sit, kursi chair
b. Morfem Terikat bound morpheme
Morfem yang tidak mempunyai potensi untuk berdiri sendiri dan yang selalu terikat dengan morfem lain untuk membentuk ujaran. Morpheme that
cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be attached to another morpheme word.
Example: berjalan the word berjalan consists of two morphemes, i.e. bound morpheme ber- and free morpheme –jalan.
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2.3 Previous Study
There are some books and thesis that are reviewed in order to support this analysis.
Anesthesia 2009 in Unit Shifts in the Interpreting of Reverend’s English Sermon into Bahasa Indonesia. This thesis discussess about the change of rank
found in interpreting of Reverend’s Sermon and also the most dominant change of rank occured in interpreting of Reverend’s Sermon. She finds 158 unit shifts
containing 8 types rank changes, namely the changes from word to phrase, word to clause, phrase to word, phrase to clause, phrase to sentence, clause to sentence,
sentence to phrase and sentence to clause. She finds the most dominant unit shifts occured is the change of rank from phrase to word.
Lubis 2007 in An Analysis of Grammatical Unit Shifts In the Translation of Agatha Christy’s Hallowe’en Party Into Pesta Hallowe’en by Lili Wibisono. She
finds 252 change of rank occured in the Agatha Christie novel Hallowe’en Party and its translation. They are 34 change of rank from morpheme to other ranks, 48
change of rank from word to other ranks, 116 change of rank from phrase to other ranks, 21 change of rank from clause to other ranks, and the last 33 change of rank
from sentence to other ranks. She finds the most dominant change of rank occured is the change of rank from phrase to other ranks.
Both of theses above have similarity with my thesis. Both of them analyze about unit shift and in analyzing the data they use descriptive-qualitative method.
Those theses are very helpful for me as reference in finishing this thesis.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3. 1 Research Design
In this analysis the library research method is used. As quoted from Nawawi 1993:30
“Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik di perpustakaan maupun tempat-tempat lain”.
Library research is done by collecting the data from any kinds of source in the library or any other places. All the information about unit shifts from linguistic
books, internet, dictionary and any other source are also used.
3. 2 Data Collecting Method
The source of the data is the Agatha Christie’s novel The Mystery of the Blue Train and its translation Misteri Kereta Api Biru. The data is the sentences
that contain the unit shifts found in the translation of Agatha Chriestie’s The Mystery of the Blue Train into Misteri Kereta Api Biru by Nyonya Suwarni A.S.
The Agatha Christie’s novel The Mystery of the Blue Train consists of 36 chapters and 375 pages, while its translation Misteri Kereta Api Biru consists of 36
chapters and 295 pages. The total number of the data is 390 sentences. Since the data is abundant, so in taking the sample the writer uses the purposive sampling. As
Arikunto 2006:139 states: “Sample bertujuan atau purposive sample dilakukan dengan cara
mengambil subjek bukan didasarkan atas strata, random atau daerah tetapi
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beberapa pertimbangan, misalnya alasan keterbatasan waktu, tenaga, dan dana sehingga tidak dapat mengambil sample yang besar dan jauh”.
Purposive sampling is done by taking subject not based on strata, random or
regional but based on several purposes and reasons as the limited of time, effort and budget for taking the bigger, wider and more sample.
3. 3 Data Analysis Method
In this analysis, a descriptive-qualitative method is used. As quoted from Nawawi 1993:63:
“Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan melukiskan keadaan subyek obyek
penelitian seseorang, lembaga, masyarakat, dll pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana adanya”.
Descriptive method is a way in solving a problem by describing the facts of
subjectobject of the research as the way they are. Bogdan and Bliken 1982:21 state “Qualitative research is descriptive”. It means that the data is collected in the
form of word or picture rather than number. In collecting and analyzing the data, the writer has some steps as the
following: 1.
Reading the original novel The Mystery of The Blue Train. 2.
Reading the translation product of the original novel done Nyonya Suwarni A.S.
3. Identifying the data.
4. Underlining the data.
5. Classifying and analyzing the data.
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Calculating the data to find the most dominant unit shifts by using Butler’s Educational Statistic 1985 in percentage :
S = n x 100 ∑ n
S =
total in percentage of subcategory of unit shifts n
= number of subcategory of unit shifts
∑ n = nmber of all data
7. And the last step is making conclusion and suggestion.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Analysis
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