SE = Standard Error
N = Students
= t observation Prior the calculation of the t
test,
there are several steps to be taken, they are as follow:
a. Determining D between the score result of variable X and variable Y with formula:
= b. Add D and getting ∑ D Total score between X and Y
c. Determining mean from differences MD, with formula: =
d. Determining standard of deviation from difference of variable X and Y SD
D
, with formula: =
D N
D N
e. Determining the standard of deviation from the mean of D =
1 f.
Determining t
o
t Observation, with formula: =
g. Determining the degree of freedom df, with formula: =
1
G. The Statistical Hypothesis of the Study
To accomplish this objective, the writer proposed two hypotheses to be tested:
a. Ho: there is empirical evidence that the use of Student Teams- Achievement Divisions
STAD Technique is not effective in teaching reading at the Eight Grade of the First Semester in SMPN 1 Pakuhaji.
b. Ha: there is empirical evidence that the use of Student Teams- Achievement Divisions
STAD Technique is effective in teaching reading at the Eight Grade of the First Semester in SMPN 1 Pakuhaji.
c.
Ho :
µ
1
=
µ
2
d. H
a
:
µ
1
≠
µ
2
And then, the criteria used as follows: a. If
≤ t
table,
in significant degree of 1, the Null Hypothesis Ho is accepted and Ha or Hypothesis Alternative is rejected. It means that
that there is not empirical evidence that the use of Student Teams- Achievement Divisions
STAD Technique is effective in teaching reading.
b. If ≥ t
table,
in significant degree of 1, the Null Hypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha or Hypothesis Alternative is accepted. Therefore, there
is empirical evidence that the use of Student Teams-Achievement Divisions
STAD Technique is effective in teaching reading.
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter describes the research finding and the discussion. It concerns the description of the data pre-test and post-test, the analysis of the data, the testing
of the hypothesis, and the interpretation of the data.
A. The Description of the Data
The writer collects the data from students’ pre-test and post-test score of experimental class. The pre-test is given before the treatment begins and the
post-test is given after the treatment finish. Table 4.1 presents the students’ achievements in the experimental class before the writer does his experiment
pre-test. In addition, table 4.2 presents the students’ achievements after the writer does his experiment post-test in the experimental class.
1. The Pre-test Score Table 4.1
The Pre-test Score Experimental Class 8E
No Students Name
Score No
Students Name Score
1 1
30 24
24 35
2 2
40 25
25 45
3 3
40 26
26 35
4 4
70 27
27 30
5 5
50 28
28 35
6 6
40 29
29 20
7 7
45 30
30 40
8 8
30 31
31 40
9 9
75 32
32 40
10 10
45 33
33 50
11 11
45 34
34 25
12 12
55 35
35 35
13 13
25 36
36 40
14 14
45 37
37 60
15 15
15 38
38 35
16 16
35 39
39 45
