Face to face interaction Appropriate use of collaborative skills

objective of academic. 13 In the book Cooperative Learning: Theory, Research and Practice by Robert E. Slavin, in cooperative learning both Student Teams- Achievement Divisions STAD and Teams-Games-Tournaments TGT are the oldest and most extensively researched forms. 14 In Student Teams- Achievement Division STAD, student are assigned to four-five member learning teams that are mixed in performance, level, gender and ethnicity. It is to accelerate the achievement of all students. It shares the idea that students work together to learn and responsible for their teammates learning as well as their own. There are three concepts that are central to Student Teams- Achievement Divisions STAD, are: a. Teams rewards In the team reward, the team will get a reward or and certificates if they could reach the academic objective. However, there is no competition among the students. b. Individual accountability It means that in Student Teams-Achievement Divisions STAD, the teams’ success depend on the individual learning of all team members. Each student has to make sure that each of their friends in their team is ready to face the quiz or the assessment in the end of the learning. c. Equal opportunity for success It means that each student have same an opportunity for their own success in learning. In this case, each student has a chance to improve his or her own score and their team score. 15 From the several statements above, the writer sums up that the STAD is one of the cooperative learning techniques that students are assigned to four – five member learning teams that are mixed in performance level, gender, and ethnicity. Students will have equal opportunity to learn and 13 Shlomo Sharan, eds, op.cit., p.3. 14 Robert E. Slavin, op. cit., p. 71. 15 Shlomo Sharan, eds, op. cit., pp. 3-4. students are rewarded for doing better than they have in the past, they will be more motivated.

5. The Techniques of Using Student Teams-Achievement Divisions

The general procedures to follow when preparing Student Teams- Achievement Divisions STAD include the following step:

a. Materials

Prepare reading materials, the materials are designed specifically for Student Teams-Achievement Divisions STAD and adapted from textbook or other published sources or with teacher-made materials.

b. Assigning Students to Teams

Teams in Student Teams-Achievement Divisions STAD should be heterogeneous. Do not let student choose their own teams, because they will tend to choose others like themselves. Here are the following steps: 1. Make copies of team summary sheets for every student in your class. Table 2.1 Team Summary Sheet Team Name: _________________ No Team Members Meeting Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Total Team Score Team Average Team Award Team Average = Total Team Score: Total Team Members